Abstract: A method for protecting against cyber attacks in a communication network of a vehicle, including the steps of acquiring dominant voltage measurements; obtaining an electrical characteristic of nodes that transmit messages by acquiring consecutive groups of voltage measurements at receiving nodes and calculating a distribution thereof; calculating values of distribution statistics; calculating a cumulative voltage deviation for each value of statistic; and obtaining a voltage profile by adding the cumulative voltage deviations of each statistic, executing a malicious-node detection procedure and then executing a transmitting-node identification procedure including comparing the at least one characteristic parameter against all the corresponding characteristic parameters of all the messages, defining a range of variation of the characteristic parameter with respect to a given number of previous samples; and evaluating whether the value of the parameter falls within the range of variation of one of the messages

Abstract: A method to estimate the temperature of an electromagnetic actuator, which entails a preliminary step in which to define a first threshold value for the current or for the voltage; and define a characteristic curve of the actuator family in the plane temperature/time needed to reach the threshold value; a step in which to carry out a reference measurement, in which, using the characteristic curve, a reference time needed by the electromagnetic actuator to reach the first threshold value is associated with a known reference temperature; and a step in which to carry out a series of measurements in which to determine the time needed by the electromagnetic actuator to reach the first threshold value, calculate the deviation between the time needed by the electromagnetic actuator to reach the first threshold value and the reference time; and determine the temperature of the electromagnetic actuator, using the characteristic curve, by associating the temperature of the electromagnetic actuator with the sum of the d

Abstract: A pin header connector having: a peripheral frame having, at the centre, a series of through openings; and a plurality of modules, each of which engages a corresponding through opening and is provided with a series of electrical pin contacts and with a support plate, which is made of a plastic material and has a series of first through holes engaged by the corresponding electrical pin contacts. The peripheral frame has a plurality of linear sliding guides, each of which is arranged in the area of a through opening, is designed to guide an insertion of the support plate of a module into the through opening allowing the support plate to only make a translation in a mounting direction, and is provided with a limit stop ending the insertion. An interlocking connection system is provided, which is activated when the support plate of each module strikes against the limit stop.

Abstract: An adsorption system for the production of demineralized water aboard a motor vehicle comprising: a condenser, an evaporator, a first and a second adsorbent bed, each containing adsorbent material. Each adsorbent bed is selectively connectable to the condenser and/or the evaporator by pipes provided with at least one control valve. Each adsorbent bed is selectively and alternately connectable to a supply circuit of a heating source and to a supply circuit of a cooling source via supply valves. The condenser is directly and selectively connectable to the evaporator by a direct branch provided with a relative throttle valve, An inlet valve is arranged along an air inlet branch, and selectively establishes a fluid connection between the air of the environment outside the system and the adsorbent beds, so as to capture water from the external air through an adsorption phenomenon performed by the adsorbent beds and to produce water.

Abstract: A motor-driven throttle valve for an exhaust duct and having: a tubular duct, which is designed so that exhaust gases can flow through it; a throttle shutter, which is arranged inside the tubular duct and is mounted so as to rotate around a rotation axis; a first shaft, which is mounted so as to rotate around the rotation axis and supports the throttle shutter; an electric actuator, which is provided with a second shaft and is designed to rotate the shaft around the rotation axis; a support bearing, which supports the shaft in a through manner and is arranged on the outside of the tubular duct; and a spring, which applies to the shaft an elastic force, which axially pushes the shaft and, at the same time, is configured to transmit a rotary motion around the rotation axis from the second shaft of the electric actuator to the first shaft supporting the throttle shutter.

Abstract: An electrical connector group comprising a connector body shaped to allow electrical connection with external components. The connector body delimits an inner volume. A plurality of electrical contacts are housed in the inner volume and connected to the connector body and to at least one internal electrical/electronic circuit or component. At least one closing lid of the connector body covers and hermetically seals the inner volume. At least one vent valve is fluidically connected to the inner volume, so as to allow only the exit of fluids from the inner volume to the outside. The vent valve comprises a valve head, integral with the connector body and coupled with a seat of the closing lid using a shape coupling, in order to perform a fixing and a centering of the closing lid with respect to the connector body.

Abstract: A heating device for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and having: a tubular body, where a combustion chamber is obtained on the inside; a fuel injector, which is designed to inject fuel into the combustion chamber; at least one inlet opening, which can be connected to a fan so as to receive an air flow, which is directed to the combustion chamber; a feeding channel, which receives air from the inlet opening, surrounds an end portion of the fuel injector and ends with a nozzle, which is arranged around a spray tip of the fuel injector, from which fuel flows out; and a spark plug, which is mounted through a side wall of the tubular body. An axial distance, namely measured along a longitudinal axis of the tubular body, between the spray tip of the fuel injector and a longitudinal axis of the spark plug ranges from 33% to 100% of an inner diameter of the tubular body.

Abstract: A heating device for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and having: a tubular body, where a combustion chamber is obtained on the inside; a fuel injector, which is designed to inject fuel into the combustion chamber; at least one inlet opening, which can be connected to a fan so as to receive an air flow, which is directed to the combustion chamber; a feeding channel, which receives air from the inlet opening, surrounds an end portion of the fuel injector and ends with a nozzle, which is arranged around an injection point of the fuel injector; and a spark plug, which is mounted through a side wall of the tubular body. The feeding channel is delimited, on the outside, by an outer tubular body. The fuel injector is configured to spray at least part of the fuel against the outer tubular body, which has a through opening, through which a spray tip of the fuel injector letting out the fuel directly aims at the electrodes of the spark plug.

Abstract: A method for calculating the mass of an overlap gaseous flow (MOVL), wherein the exhaust pressure is higher than the intake pressure, or in the case of scavenging (SCAV), wherein the intake pressure is higher than the exhaust pressure. The overlap gaseous flow (MOVL) is the flow which flows, in overlap conditions, through the intake valve and the exhaust valve of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. At least one intake valve is driven so as to vary the lift (H) of the intake valve in controlled manner. The overlap condition is a condition in which the intake valve and the exhaust valve are both at least partially open. The method comprises calculating the mass of the gaseous flow (MOVL) which flows through the intake valve and the exhaust valve on the basis of the relation: MOVL=PERM*?(P/P0,n)*P0/P0_REF*(T0_REF/T0)1/2/n.

Abstract: A method to control the combustion of an internal combustion engine, which comprises determining a combustion model, which provides a spark advance depending on an objective value of the rate of water to be injected, on the rotation speed, on the intake efficiency and on an open-loop contribution of a combustion index; calculating a first closed-loop contribution of the spark advance depending on the combustion index; calculating a second closed-loop contribution of the spark advance depending on a quantity indicating the knocking energy; and calculating the objective value of the spark advance angle to be operated through the sum of the spark advance value provided by the combustion model and of the first closed-loop contribution or, alternatively, of the second closed-loop contribution.

Abstract: A heating device for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and having: a tubular body, where a combustion chamber is obtained on the inside; a fuel injector, which injects fuel into the combustion chamber; at least one inlet opening, which can be connected to a fan so as to receive an air flow, which is directed to the combustion chamber and gets mixed with the fuel; a feeding channel, which receives air from the inlet opening, surrounds an end portion of the fuel injector and ends with a nozzle, which is arranged around an injection point of the fuel injector; and a spark plug, which is mounted through a side wall of the tubular body so as to trigger the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel. The fuel injector is configured to spray at least 80% of the fuel against an inner surface of the feeding channel.

Abstract: A fixing assembly has a support element adapted to be fixed to a component of a vehicle, and a frame adapted to support an accessory in a fixed relative position and connected to the support element in a fixed position; the support element has two openings which are engaged by respective protruding pins of the frame so as to allow a rotation of the frame towards the support element during a mounting step in which the protruding pins are inserted in the openings; a snap fitting prevents the displacement of the frame at the end of the aforementioned rotation, and then blocking devices, of the screw type, secure the frame in a stable position; the snap fitting has an elastically deformable element which is snap-fitted to a retention shoulder and forms part of a portion made of polymeric or elastomeric material of one between the support element and the frame.

Abstract: A pointer device for an indicator instrument, in particular for a vehicle, is provided with a light-guide body defined by a single piece, which, in use, receives light from a light source and has a hub and a pointer radially protruding from the hub; the hub has a surface covered by a shield and a light transmission portion, which, on the opposite side, ends with at least one light emission area; the device is provided with a cap defined by a single piece, which is separate from said light-guide body and has an intermediate portion and a lateral portion arranged in an inner and outer radial position, respectively, relative to the light transmission portion; the cap has at least one through opening aligned with the light emission area and connection portions extending radially and joining the intermediate portion to the lateral portion.

Abstract: A system for obtaining a prediction an action (at) of a vehicle (V), including a camera for acquiring a sequence of images (Ft) a convolutional neural network visual encoder which obtains a corresponding visual features vector (vt), one or more sensor that obtains a position of the vehicle (st) at the same time step (st), a Recurrent Neural Network configured to receive the visual features vector (vt) and position of the vehicle (st) at the time step (t) and to generate a prediction of the action (at) of the vehicle (V). The system comprising a command conditioned switch configured upon reception of a control command (ci) to select a corresponding branch of the Recurrent Neural Network. The system is configured to operate the selected corresponding branch to process the visual features vector (vt) and position of the vehicle (st) at the time step (t) to obtain the prediction of the action (at) of the vehicle (V).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an exhaust duct through which pass exhaust gases; and a water-based operating liquid system which includes a tank, and a heating device, which is coupled to the tank and is designed to heat water-based operating liquid. The heating device includes a heating chamber having an inlet opening designed to receive ambient air and that allows heat to be transferred from the walls of the exhaust duct to the air received from the environment and comprises an outlet opening for the heated air; and a heat exchanger, which receives the heated air and is thermally coupled to the tank so as to release part of the heat of the heated air to the water-based operating liquid contained in the tank.

Abstract: A heating device for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine; the heating device has: a first tubular body wherein a combustion chamber is obtained; a fuel injector to inject fuel into the combustion chamber; an inlet opening, which is obtained through the first tubular body and can be connected to a fan to receive an air flow, which is directed into the combustion chamber; a hot air outlet opening to let hot air out of the combustion chamber; an outlet duct, which originates from the outlet opening; a spark plug which is mounted through a side wall of the first tubular body to trigger the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel; and a labyrinth, which surrounds a side wall of the tubular body, starts from the inlet opening, ends in the combustion chamber, and the air must necessarily flow out of the inlet opening until reaching the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for generating an audio signal representing the dynamic state of a land vehicle as a function of the value of at least one first parameter comprises the steps of receiving an input audio signal and dividing the input audio signal into a set of audio frames of given duration; selecting, an audio frame representing the input audio signal; subdividing the selected audio frame into a set of audio sub-frames; determining a probability of transition between orderly pairs of the audio sub-frames and synthesizing the audio signal representing the dynamic state of a land vehicle by generating a sequence of audio sub-frames; computing a centre frequency of the selected audio frame and carrying out a frequency shift of the centre frequency as a function of the centre frequency of the selected audio frame and of the value of at least one first parameter that indicates the dynamic state of the vehicle, thereby generating a frequency-shifted subsequent audio sub-frame.

Abstract: A rotor for an electric motor comprising a crankshaft extending along an axis (X-X) coinciding with an axis of rotation of the crankshaft, and at least one steel plate having slots for housing magnets. The steel plate includes a central seat, keyed to an outer side wall of the crankshaft according to an interference coupling, wherein the steel plate is coupled to the crankshaft at the central seat by a first tooth obtained on the steel plate, which projects towards the associated crankshaft and a first radial seat, obtained on the outer side wall of the crankshaft. The first radial seat has an isosceles trapezium cross-section delimited laterally by a pair of oblique sides converging towards the axis of rotation. The first tooth has a ‘V’ cross-section with a pair of curvilinear side walls, suitable for interfacing against the oblique sides of the first radial seat.

Abstract: A cooling module for an electrical energy storage system for an electric drive vehicle. The cooling module has an exchanger plate that is hollow on the inside so as to have, on the inside, a circulation chamber that is designed to contain a cooling liquid. The exchanger plate has: an inlet opening that is obtained through a front wall of the exchanger plate and is designed to allow the cooling liquid to flow into the circulation chamber, and an outlet opening that is obtained through a rear wall of the exchanger plate and is designed to allow the cooling liquid to flow out of the circulation chamber. The cooling module has a plurality of interface elements, which are placed inside the circulation chamber, are shaped like a wave, and are arranged in rows.

Abstract: An electrical connector group comprising a connector body shaped to allow electrical connection with external components. The connector body delimits an inner volume. A plurality of electrical contacts are housed in the inner volume and connected to the connector body and to at least one internal electrical/electronic circuit or component. At least one closing lid of the connector body covers and hermetically seals the inner volume. At least one vent valve is fluidically connected to the inner volume, so as to allow only the exit of fluids from the inner volume to the outside. The vent valve comprises a valve head, integral with the connector body and coupled with a seat of the closing lid using a shape coupling, in order to perform a fixing and a centering of the closing lid with respect to the connector body.