Abstract: The head driving apparatus of the present invention is composed of the following units. A head-provided carriage which moves in a straight line; a plurality of coils fixed on the carriage; a multipolar magnet whose polarities are alternated along the passage for the coils; a ferromagnetic stator yoke for fixing the magnet; a position sensor for detecting a position of the carriage, and a driving circuit for generating a function signal for each coil which corresponds to a detected carriage position, based on the distribution of the magnetic flux to be formed by the multipolar magnet, and then supplies the current to the coils based on the function signal.

Abstract: A pyroelectric infrared detector includes a substrate having a recess. A pyroelectric portion substantially aligns with the recess. A resin film is located between the substrate and the pyroelectric portion. The recess faces the resin film. First and second electrodes are connected to first and second surfaces of the pyroelectric portion respectively. The pyroelectric portion may include a pyroelectric film of Pb.sub.x La.sub.y Ti.sub.z Zr.sub.w O.sub.3 where atomic fractions "w", "x", "y", and "z" satisfy one of following conditions a), b), and c):a) 0.7.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, x+y=1, 0.925.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1, w=0b) x=1, y=0, 0.45.ltoreq.z<1, z+w=1c) 0.75.ltoreq.x<1, x+y=1, 0.5.ltoreq.

Abstract: A color image scanning apparatus is disclosed which includes: an image sensor for scanning an original, the image sensor including a plurality of line sensors arranged in a sub-scanning direction; a determination circuit for determining the traveling speed of the image sensor in the sub-scanning direction in accordance with a magnification ratio of the original; a driving circuit for moving the image sensor in the sub-scanning direction at the speed determined by the determination circuit; a correction circuit for correcting the output of the image sensor to simultaneously output signals corresponding to an identical position of the original; a filter for filtering the output of the correction circuit in accordance with the magnification ratio of the original and the speed determined by the determination circuit, wherein the determination circuit determines the speed so that each distance of the plurality of line sensors arranged in the sub-scanning direction is substantially equal to an integral multiple of

Abstract: An electronic message transmission system including at least one transmission apparatus of the electronic message and a plurality of message receivers of the same wherein the electronic message is transmitted according to a predetermined transmission path connecting message receivers. A transmission state of the electronic message is memorized and up-dated in a memory and thereby, an addresser of the electronic message is able to know the state of the message transmission by referring to the contents of the memory. In another message transmission system, deputy confirmors are registered together with confirmors in respective message receivers and each deputy confirmor processes the transmitted message in place of the relevant confirmor if the confirmor is absent.

Abstract: A laser ablation apparatus includes a laser beam source for ablation for emitting a first laser beam, a lens for focusing the first laser beam, a vacuum chamber having a window on its wall through which the first laser beam is injected into the vacuum chamber, a target holder arranged in the vacuum chamber to hold a target onto which the first laser beam is irradiated, a substrate holder arranged opposing to the target holder in the vacuum chamber to hold a substrate, and a laser beam source for particle decomposition for emitting a second laser beam in the vacuum chamber to decompose particles turned out from the target by the first laser beam in the vacuum chamber. The apparatus can further include a pair of mirrors, arranged on both sides of the target holder, for multiply reflecting the second laser beam over the target holder.

Abstract: A connector includes a connector section having electrical terminals disposed on each of a plug and a socket, with electrical signals being transmitted through the electrical terminals when the plug and the socket are connected to each other. A first pair of metallic pieces is disposed on the plug and a second pair of metallic pieces is disposed on the socket. A connecting section electrically connects either the first pair of metallic pieces to one another or the second pair of metallic pieces to one another, and engagement sections disposed on each of the first metallic pieces and each of the second metallic pieces lockingly connect the first metallic pieces to respective ones of the second metallic pieces to lock the plug and socket together. Selected ones of the metalic pieces may be pushed from outside the plug or the socket to release the locked state of the plug and socket.

Abstract: An articulated endless track for a mobile machine has a plurality of crawler pads connected in series. Each adjacent pair of pads has spaced apart hinge knuckles engaged in alternating fashion to form a hinge pin chamber. Each chamber contains a hinge pin positioned between a pair of retention elements. Each retention element is secured to its associated encircling hinge knuckle. This arrangement protects the retention elements against abrasion while permitting assembly or disassembly of the track to be accomplished readily.

Abstract: A picture display device comprising an electron source for producing band-shaped electron beams, electron beam control means for controlling the selective passage of the electron beams, deflection means for horizontally and vertically deflecting the electron beams and display means for emitting light in response to impingement of the electron beams thereon. The electron source comprises a plurality of linear thermionic cathodes, a focusing electrode for focusing the electron beams emitted from each linear thermionic cathode to band-shaped electron beams and an electron beam emitting electrode having a plurality of apertures therethrough, and a negative pulse voltage is sequentially applied to the linear thermionic cathodes to emit the required electron beams for one scanning line.