Abstract: A transmission apparatus has two modes of power amplifier operation, in which mode 1 is inherently accurate, mode 2 is inherently less accurate, and measurement of a power amplifier output from mode 1 is used to correct a power amplifier output in mode 2. Mode 1 may be a compressed mode and mode 2 may be a non-compressed mode. The apparatus may include a power controller that provides overlapping scaling factor sets for modes 1 and 2 and controls transmission power using the scaling factor sets. Upon a mode transition, the controller uses the overlapping scaling factors and changes the scaling factor set for the mode of a destination of the transition based on actual measurement representative of transmission power, for example, by carrying out power alignment loop operations. A cellular mobile device may include such transmission apparatus. A polar modulation transmitter is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electronic device comprising the steps of: dry-etching a Ti-containing metal film formed on a substrate with a gas containing fluorine; and treating the substrate with a chemical solution containing fluorine ions after the dry etching step.

Abstract: A two-step self-servowriting process first writes an intermediate pattern based on a reference pattern, and then writes a final pattern based on the intermediate pattern, wherein the reference pattern can be a printed media or a spiral pattern. Such an approach can be utilized to reduce the noise/runout, eliminate timing eccentricity, and increase the sample rate of the final pattern. This description is not intended to be a complete description of, or limit the scope of, the invention. Other features, aspects, and objects of the invention can be obtained from a review of the specification, the figures, and the claims.

Abstract: A circuit board including a desired number of electrically insulating layers and wiring layers laminated alternately, and an inner via hole for securing an electrical connection between the wiring layers by compressing and hardening a conductive paste including a conductive particle and a resin. In the electrically insulating layer, a porous sheet is provided a resin sheet at least one surface, and the porous sheet is not impregnated with a resin at least at a central portion. A through hole penetrating the electrically insulating layer in the direction of the thickness of the electrically insulating layer is filled with a conductive paste including a conductive particle and a resin, and pores that are present inside the porous sheet are filled with laminated resin. The average hole diameter of the pores inside the porous sheet may be smaller than the average particle size of the conductive particle.

Abstract: An explosion preventing device for a refrigerating machine using a flammable refrigerant according to a first embodiment of the present invention comprises a mesh member which covers a part or component or a control section. The mesh member has a mesh size which is equal to or smaller than a quenching distance for the flammable refrigerant used. By covering the part or the like which may generate electric sparks, with the mesh member having the mesh size equal to or smaller than a quenching distance, as described above, even if the sparks are generated to produce flames, when the refrigerant is leaked, the flames cannot be propagated to the outside of the mesh member. Therefore, even if the sparks are generated when the refrigerant is leaked, a serious explosion or fire cannot be caused.

Abstract: In a system bus connected to at least one CPU having a cache memory used for increasing memory access speed in an engineering workstation or the like, a main memory controller including a status memory for storing owned and unowned statuses in a main memory and a cache memory of data associated with an access operation to a system bus connected to at least one CPU having a cache memory performed by an access means of a CPU or the like, a memory control portion which is responsive to signals indicative of the stored statuses for reading the data in the main memory before the time for outputting a data invalidating signal from the cache memory elapses in the case of the owned status and for reading the data in the cache memory after the data invalidating signal is output in the case of the unowned status, and a status rewrite control portion for monitoring accesses to the system bus and for rewriting the status in the status memory according to the result of the monitoring.

Abstract: A video recording and reproducing apparatus with photoelectric image camera in which a color signal processing circuit of a recording system is simplified. For recording, a luminance signal and a chrominance signal are produced in accordance with an image being picked up through a photoelectric transducer. The luminance signal is angle-modulated, while a carrier signal having a lower frequency than the standard carrier signal is directly modulated with the chrominance signal, whereby a chrominance recording signal equivalent to a signal obtained by a frequency conversion of the standard carrier signal to a low frequency band is obtained and added with the angle-modulated luminance signal to be recorded. Upon reproduction, the angle-modulated luminance signal undergoes angle-demodulation to be converted to a reproduced luminance signal, while the color (chrominance) recording signal is frequency-converted to a high frequency band to be reproduced color signal.

Abstract: A diaphragm for loudspeakers comprises chitin as a natural high polymeric material having a large value of Young's modulus and kraft pulp having large mechanical internal loss. Therefore, the deformation and the partial vibrations of the diaphragm during diaphragm operation do not come out due to the use of the chitin, because the flexural rigidity of the diaphragm is considerably large. Mechanical internal loss is also large owing to the use of the kraft pulp. As a result, it is possible to obtain a loudspeaker which has little fluctuation in frequency response, and which provides a superior sound pressure-frequency response, a superior distortion factor and a superior phase response.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device of a new monolithic structure has a long transparent optical waveguide used as a passive cavity directly coupled with an active cavity possessing a gain in the direction of the optical axis of the active cavity on a compound semiconductor substrate. The device is intended to satisfy all four characteristics, which are;(1) stable single longitudinal mode oscillation;(2) narrow spectral linewidth;(3) suppression of wavelength chirping due to current modulation; and(4) low noiseand to be applied as a light source for optical fiber communication, optical information processing or the like.