Abstract: An apparatus and method of mechanical milling and grinding of various materials at temperatures ranging from sub-ambient conditions to well-below their ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) are presented. In one embodiment the present invention entails the design of a cryogenic milling chamber compatible with horizontal high-energy mills. The new design and configuration of the milling vessel provides robust and efficient cryomilling of various materials with no contact between the cryogen and the powders. Some embodiments of the invention improve the heat removal rate from the non-uniform heat load generated by the impact energy deposited into the chamber wall by the milling media.

Abstract: A device is provided for the controlled and precise delivery of powders, including cohesive powders, based on a fluidization technique to directly reduce inter-particle friction and using a fluidizing gas as an air-bearing. The device preferably includes no moving parts, no sealing gaskets or sealing surfaces. Unlike mechanically actuated valves, the powders dispensed by the current device do not experience mechanical shearing, thereby reducing wear and thus increasing the service life of the apparatus.

Abstract: Formulations of reactive materials, such as aluminum, magnesium and alloys thereof, with combustible additives such as wood derivatives or charcoal, provide a composition for neutralizing energetic materials via combustion. Specifically, explosive substances such as ammonium nitrate and urea nitrate, which are commonly used as homemade explosives, are rapidly incinerated in a non-propagating manner by the contact with burning reactive material formulations.

Abstract: A device is provided for the controlled and precise delivery of powders, including cohesive powders, based on a fluidization technique to directly reduce inter-particle friction and using a fluidizing gas as an air-bearing. The device preferably includes no moving parts, no sealing gaskets or sealing surfaces. Unlike mechanically actuated valves, the powders dispensed by the current device do not experience mechanical shearing, thereby reducing wear and thus increasing the service life of the apparatus.

Abstract: Formulations of reactive materials, such as aluminum, magnesium and alloys thereof, with combustible additives such as wood derivatives or charcoal, provide a composition for neutralizing energetic materials via combustion. Specifically, explosive substances such as ammonium nitrate and urea nitrate, which are commonly used as homemade explosives, are rapidly incinerated in a non-propagating manner by the contact with burning reactive material formulations.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for producing high-density composites of metallic glass alloy powders in combination with a refractory metal powder, and includes related methods for producing metallic glass alloys. The invention, in one aspect, employs a system of monitoring the temperature and hot isostatic pressing conditions during the consolidation of metallic compositions in order to produce higher densities and materials of a larger diameter, for example. In another aspect, the invention involves method whereby a third interfacial phase at a metallic glass alloy/refractory metal interface is effectively controlled to produce composites with advantageous properties.