Abstract: The present invention relates to a formulation containing at least one organic functional material and at least three different organic solvents, selected from at least two different organic solvents A and at least one organic solvent B, wherein at least one organic solvent A has a boiling point in the range from 250 to 350° C. and a viscosity of ?15 mPas, the at least one organic solvent B has a boiling point in the range from 200 to 350° C. and a viscosity of ?10 mPas, and the solubility of the at least one organic functional material in the second organic solvent B is ?5 g/l; as well as to electroluminescent devices prepared by using these formulations.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel liquid-crystal compounds, processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, and to LC media and LC displays containing the same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for patterning surfaces using contact printing and pastes, pastes for use with the processes, and products formed therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to an alignment layer comprising a polymerized liquid crystal material with homeotrophic orientation, to methods of its preparation, to polymerizable liquid crystal compositions and liquid crystal polymers used for the preparation of the alignment layer, to liquid crystal devices comprising the alignment layer, and to a method of controlling the electrooptical steepness of a liquid crystal display comprising at least one alignment layer by varying the surface anchoring energy of the alignment layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical retardation film comprising two layers of an anisotropic polymer adjacent to each other or adjacent to both sides of a substrate, characterized in that each layer exhibits a tilted structure with an optical symmetry axis having a tilt angle ? relative to the plane of the layer, to a means to produce substantially linear polarized light comprising such an optical retardation film and to a liquid crystal display comprising such an optical retardation film.

Abstract: Novel phenylcyclohexanes of the formula I 1

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of representing chemical structural formulae on a display device by means of a chemical symbol or graphic program for producing chemical structural formulae, and a system for representing chemical structural formulae having an apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a computer and a symbol or graphic program installable thereon for representing chemical structural formulae and at least one memory.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing L-ascorbic acid from 2-keto-L-gulonic acid or 2,3-4,6-diacetone-2-keto-L-gulonic acid. The reaction is carried out in the presence of water and hydrogen halide and the concentration of the hydrogen halide in water is greater than 37 wt. %.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula I 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ortho-alkylated benzoic acid derivatives of the formula I 1