Abstract: An image of an object is formed on a matrix detector consisting of pixels and a property dependent on at least one dimension is measured by means of a value related to the object and proportional to the intensity of the optical radiation detected by at least one pixel.

Abstract: A method for the calibration of measuring equipment, and measuring equipment. The measuring equipment comprises at least one first sensor, at least one second sensor and at least one reference piece. When the measuring equipment is calibrated, a moving web is supported against the reference piece and the reference piece with the moving web supported thereto is moved to different distances from the first sensor and the second sensor. Further, a distance between the first sensor and the moving web and a distance between the second sensor and the reference piece is measured at least for two different distances, and the first sensor and the second sensor are calibrated to be uniform in relation to the movement of the reference piece.

Abstract: A moistening nozzle of a paper web comprises a frame into which air and water are fed. Inside the frame there is arranged a water nozzle wherewith water is conducted to an outlet of the moistening nozzle and an air nozzle wherewith air is correspondingly conducted to the outlet. The air nozzle and the water nozzle are arranged one within the other such that the air and the water form water mist that is sprayed out from the moistening nozzle. The air nozzle is provided with a thread that brings the air in swirling motion. The air nozzle comprises a sleeve part with an opening through which air is discharged and in said opening there is arranged a piece that is an integral part of the frame of the moistening nozzle, whereby a part of the moistening nozzle frame forms an inner edge of the air gap provided by said piece and the sleeve part.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the total peroxide content of a cellulose pulp suspension in the pulp suspension bleaching stage, wherein the bleaching chemical is peroxide. A sample is taken from the pulp suspension, which sample is measured in a measuring device (25, 25?). Before measuring, the pH of the sample is adjusted and after that the total peroxide content or the perhydroxyl content of the sample is measured, of which measurement the total peroxide content of the sample is determined.

Abstract: A moistening nozzle of a paper web comprises a frame (1) into which air and water are conducted. Inside the frame (1) there is arranged a water nozzle (2) wherewith water is conducted to an outlet of the moistening nozzle and an air nozzle wherewith air is correspondingly conducted to the outlet. The air nozzle (3) and the water nozzle (2) are arranged one within the other such that the air and the water form water mist that is blown out from the moistening nozzle. The air nozzle (3) is provided with an inner thread (10) that brings the air in swirling motion.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling feeding of solid matter in a process with at least one solid matter unloading point, at least one belt conveyor and at least one solid matter feeding point, solid matter being unloaded in the unloading point from solid matter storage to a belt conveyor arranged to convey the solid matter either directly or via at least one other belt conveyor to the feeding point. In the unloading point, the unloading of the solid matter to the belt conveyor is controlled in such a way that the thickness of the material bed follows a set value determined for it; and in the feeding point, the amount of solid matter to be fed is controlled by controlling the speed of the belt conveyor.

Abstract: A paper web moistening device comprises several moistening nozzles (2) in the cross direction of a paper web for blowing water mist comprising air and water onto the paper web (3) surface. At least one means for removing water 5 mist and/or air from the vicinity of the paper web (3) surface is arranged be-tween the moistening nozzles. This means is arranged closer to the paper web (3) surface than the moistening nozzles (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in the control of the quality or the condition of a fibre web (21) on the basis of optical imaging diagnostics, wherein the fibre web (21) under examination and/or means (22, 23) relating to the processing of the fibre web are monitored with at least one optical imaging measuring device (1 to N). According to the method, the scale of the observation area of said at least one imaging measuring device (1 to N) is calibrated, when said measuring device is taken into use, by means of one or more calibration objects placed in the observation area of the measuring device, to correct the perspective error caused by the position between said measuring device and the object (21, 22, 23) observed by it.

Abstract: Adjusting the operation of a wire section, in which the development of the consistency of stock on the wire section (2) is determined and the effect of the consistency determined above on the formation and/or porosity of a paper web (3) is determined. The consistency developed on the wire section is adjusted based on a quality property of paper and/or by optimising a cost function, the quality property of paper comprising the formation and/or the porosity and/or a combination defined by means of the formation and/or the porosity and the cost function including the effect of at least the formation and/or the porosity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for determining hysteresis of a process device in a process environment. The process comprises collecting (50) second-level sample data ys and us from control and measurement signals u and y of a control circuit. Minute mean values y(min) and u(min), which are stored in a database (52), are calculated from these second-level measurement values. The pairs suitable for hysteresis calculation are selected from the minute-level sample pairs um and ym according to a certain procedure. The pairs are also divided into two groups. Unsuitable pairs are rejected (57). Two characteristic curves (54) are calculated from the selected pairs (um, ym) for hysteresis calculation (55). The calculation (55) also includes a routine which evaluates the reliability of the identified hysteresis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring and analyzing the performance of a control circuit in an industrial process. Different parameters (indices) illustrating the state of the control circuit are combined in an intelligent manner such that each combination of index (VI, IAE, CTI, OI) values represents a specific example state of the control circuit. The indices and combinations of their values are selected in advance on the basis of expert knowledge and process research. A momentary state of the control circuit is deduced by computing the performance indices on the basis of the measurement data illustrating the control loop operation and by examining which (one) of the predetermined index value combinations best correlate(s) with the corresponding reference combination values. The reference state representing the best correlating combinations is then deduced to be the momentary state of the control circuit.

Abstract: A method of controlling the quality and/or condition of a fibre web in a process for manufacturing and/or finishing the fibre web, which includes, monitoring the fibre web with at least one optical spectrum separating measurement device, determining a quality variable of the fibre web, measuring electromagnetic radiation reflected from the fibre web using an optical spectrum separating measurement device synchronously with a movement of the fibre web, and measurements in the form of spectral data, generating a continuous quality variable chart, dividing the continuous quality variable chart into successive matched partial charts having a cycle length, detecting deviations and/or discontinuities of the quality variable from the successive matched partial charts, and detecting malfunctioning of a rotating/moving means using the detected deviations and/or discontinuities of the quality variable.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for identifying mapping of a paper machine by means of a mapping test. The invention comprises forming a mapping model which takes the linear and non-linear shrinkage of a paper web into account. The mapping test result is analyzed to form a non-linear shrinkage profile and a linear mapping error from it. The linear error and the non-linear shrinkage profile thus obtained are used in the mapping model.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling feeding of solid matter in a process comprising at least one solid matter unloading point (UP), at least one belt conveyor (2, 2?, 3, 5) and at least one solid matter feeding point (SP), solid matter being unloaded in the unloading point (UP) from solid matter storage to a belt conveyor (2, 2?) arranged to convey said solid matter either directly or via at least one other belt conveyor (3, 5) to the feeding point (SP). In the unloading point (UP), the unloading of the solid matter to the belt conveyor (2, 2?) is controlled in such a way that the thickness of the material bed follows a set value determined for it; and in the feeding point (SP), the amount of solid matter to be fed is controlled by controlling the speed (S) of the belt conveyor (2, 2?, 3, 5).

Abstract: A variable representing runnability of a paper web to be manufactured with a paper machine or processed with a finishing apparatus is measured and the speed difference between operational groups of the paper machine and/or the finishing apparatus is adjusted on the basis of the measurement of said variable such that the moisture profile of the paper web is measured substantially along the entire width of the paper web, the minimum and maximum values for moisture are defined on the basis of the moisture profile, a drawing window describing the allowable tension to be directed to the paper web is defined, the lower and upper limits of the drawing window being defined on the basis of the minimum and maximum values for moisture, and the speed difference between the operational groups is adjusted so that the paper web tension is within the range defined by the drawing window.

Abstract: The invention relates to device diagnostics in industrial processes comprising field devices employing a field bus. A remote diagnostics device (1) is placed in connection with a process device (2), separate from the field devices and the field bus. The remote diagnostics device comprises diagnostics electronics which collects diagnostics data relating to the process device, and a transmitter part for wireless (17) transmission of the diagnostics data to a near-by field device. The field device comprises a receiver part (41) for wireless (17) reception of the diagnostics data from said remote diagnostics device (1). A field device control unit (430) analyses the received diagnostics data and transmits a diagnostics report over a field bus interface (44) and the field bus to a diagnostics computer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wire used in standard freeness measuring of paper stock and a wire according to the manufacturing method. In the solution, a means for producing holes (210), which is something else than a solid, is directed on a wire plate (18) at areas intended for desired holes (210). The wire plate (18) is provided with the holes using the means for producing holes (210).

Abstract: A method and a system for ensuring the operation of a field bus. In the method the field bus is controlled with two control servers one of which is at a time set active and one is set passive. The control servers are connected with a backup bus. In the method, a first message is sent at intervals from the active control server via said field bus to the passive control server, and the active control server waits for a response message to the first message from the passive control server. If the active control server does not receive said response message within a predetermined time, first data on the fault situation is set. The passive control server waits for said second message, in which case if the passive control server does not receive said first message within a predetermined time, second data on the fault situation is set. The invention also relates to a system, in which the method is applied, as well as to a control server to be used in the system.

Abstract: A method of blowing drying gas against a paper web, and an impingement dryer of a paper machine. Drying gas is blown with an impingement dryer comprising several profiling chambers in the cross-direction of a paper machine, the cross-profile of the paper web being controlled with the drying gas blown from the profiling chambers. Each profiling chamber blows drying gas to its own effect range. The impingement dryer further comprises a return air chamber and return air ducts such that drying gas blown against the paper web from the profiling chambers is returned into the return air chamber through the return air ducts in such a way that some of the effect of the drying gas blown from the profiling chamber is at least partly prevented from reaching the effective area of the adjacent profiling chamber.

Abstract: A mobile terminal is arranged to communicate over a cellular communication system with a control system connected to a plurality of field devices in an industrial process, in order to remote control, configure or monitor the field devices. The mobile terminal accesses through a dedicated data connection established over the cellular communication system an interactive user interface associated with the control system and arranged to utilize the configuration, control and management data of the control system. In the preferred embodiment, the interactive user interface is provided by a World Wide Web server.