Abstract: A filter is used for separating luminance and color signals from a composite color television signal in which the frequency of the color signal is multiplexed over the high-frequency region of the luminance signal. When a picture is detected with respect to its motion under frame correlation and if that motion is relatively small, the separation of luminance and color signals is performed based on the interframe correlation. If the motion is relatively large, the separation of luminance and color signals is made based on the interfield correlation. The luminance and color signal separation based on the interfield correlation is attained from a correlation with signals in a field spaced forwardly away from the subject field by one field. This is accomplished by selecting a calculation having the highest correlation in calculations for an objective sample point and a plurality of sample points located about the objective sample point.

Abstract: An input circuit of a semiconductor device includes a P type well formed on the main surface of a semiconductor substrate, and an N type region formed on the main surface in the P type well. A P-N junction is formed by the N type region and the P type well. An input voltage is applied to the N type region, which input voltage is applied to an internal circuit formed on the semiconductor substrate. When the P-N junction is rendered conductive by an application of an excessive voltage to the input voltage, the current caused by the excessive voltage is absorbed to the supply potential through the P type region formed in the P well.

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes a plurality of first antenna elements and a plurality of phase shifters respectively connected to the first antenna elements. An amplitude and a phase of each of the antenna elements are determined by a method of opposing a pick-up antenna at a distance from the phased array antenna to measure a composite power of the phased array antenna while changing phases of the phase shifters for determining the ratio of the maximum power to the minimum power, and the phase value for the maximum power, from which the amplitude and phase are computed.