Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating osteoarthritis symptoms including pain, joint stiffness, limitation of range of motion and limitation of overall function through the use of subsensory unidirectional voltage pulses in the frequency range of 90 to 110 hertz applied to non-invasive conductive electrodes in contact with a patient's skin proximal to an arthritic joint.

Abstract: An apertured flexible body electrode is first adhesively affixed to the external clean and dry body surface of a living subject. Thereafter, electrode gels or other preparations are inserted through the aperture(s) into the interface between the electrode and the subject's body surface. The apertures may thereafter be closed (e.g., with an adhesive-backed covering) to prevent subsequent leakage of the electrode gel or other preparation.

Abstract: A recurrent matrix pattern of clusters of different narrow range temperature sensitive liquid crystal dots is disclosed. At each location on the matrix, there is a plurality of liquid crystal dots forming a cluster. Each liquid crystal dot of a cluster changes color at a different temperature. Further, each liquid crystal dot is sensitive, that is changes colors, in a very narrow temperature range. With this recurrent matrix arrangement, detailed temperature resolution can be maintained over a relatively broad temperature range, while still retaining an essentially continuous layer of temperature sensitive material so as to map-locate temperature gradients.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for applying an electric or electromagnetic signal to the skin and tissue of a living body surface, and for measuring the physiological responses of the skin and tissue to the electric or electromagnetic signal is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a conductive patch electrode applicator, or coil applicator, a temperature responsive liquid crystal layer applied to said conductive patch, and an adhesive boundary extending at least part way about the edges of the electrode applicator or coil applicator.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying an electric or electromagnetic signal to the skin and tissue of a living body surface, and for measuring the physiological responses of the skin and tissue to the electric or electromagnetic signal is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a conductive patch electrode applicator, a temperature responsive liquid crystal layer applied to said conductive patch, and an adhesive boundary extending at least part way about the edges of the electrode applicator or coil applicator.

Abstract: A multi-element body electrode for applying an electric signal to the skin and tissue of a living subject is disclosed. The apparatus comprises at least two metal film electrode elements affixed to an adhesive coated thin clear plastic film which extends beyond the edges of the electrodes to hold the electrodes in place on the skin. Between the electrodes is an opening which permits proper placement of the electrodes relative to the injury, and permits access to the injury.