Abstract: A fluid accumulator (1), preferably for use in connection with a hydraulic system which is to receive relatively large quantities of working fluid in a short period of time comprises a housing (2) and a piston (3) arranged therein, which separates the working fluid, especially an oil, from an expanding fluid, especially a gas, and which easily can be displaced in the housing (2) in dependence of the pressure conditions arising from the hydraulic system by being adapted to float freely between the two fluid phases by providing between the outer surface of the piston (3) and the inner wall of the housing (2) a space (7c) in which the two fluid phases can communicate freely and which at the same time provides a fluid sliding layer so that the piston (3) can quickly and effectively move between its various positions. The piston (3) has the shape of a cylindrical cup having a relatively large extension in the axial direction and having its opening facing upwardly.

Abstract: A method provides for the continuous treatment of a porous, fibrous material such as paper pulp, with a gas, such as ozone. The material is entrained with gas and passed in a first path. The material and gas move in a path defined by a downwardly curved upper wall and an open bottom, with a baffle disposed adjacent the bottom termination of the downwardly curved wall, so that the material is separated from the gas, the material flowing in a second path and the gas in a third path, distinct from the second path. The material in the second path is moved so that it intersects the flow of gas in the third path at least once, with the gas passing through the material while remaining in the third path, until the desired treatment of the material has been achieved. Preferably the second path is a serpentine path including horizontal portions, and the third path is a substantially straight downward path. After treatment, the material is discharged in a fourth path, and the gas passes along a fifth path.

Abstract: In a method for bleaching oxygen delignified cellulose-containing pulp such as sulphate, sodium and sulphite pulps with ozone and peroxide, the ozone treatment takes place at two stages, the alkaline solution which is added subsequent to the ozone treatment includes peroxide and complex formers, and 55 to 85% of the total amount of chemicals is added at the first stage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide for the continuous treatment of a porous, fibrous material such as paper pulp, with a gas, such as ozone. The material is entrained with gas and passed in a first path. The material and gas move in a path defined by a downwardly curved upper wall and an open bottom, with a baffle disposed adjacent the bottom termination of the downwardly curved wall, so that the material is separated from the gas, the material flowing in a second path and the gas in a third path, distinct from the second path. The material in the second path is moved so that it intersects the flow of gas in the third path at least once, with the gas passing through the material while remaining in the third path, until the desired treatment of the material has been achieved. Preferably the second path is a serpentine path including horizontal portions, and the third path is a substantially straight downward path. After treatment, the material is discharged in a fourth path, and the gas passes along a fifth path.

Abstract: When treating refined mechanical pulp and thermo mechanical pulp with ozone, it is of great importance that the process be carried out at the most favorable conditions and with a minimum consumption of energy. According to the present invention the pulp is refined to a freeness value of at least 200 csf in a first stage refiner from which the pulp is passed to a high consistency ozonizer and maturation reactor for a time limited to maximum 30 minutes. From the reactor the pulp is passed direct to a second stage refiner, the pulp then having a solids content of approximately 8-10% and an alkaline value in the range of 7-10.

Abstract: In a reactor plant for treating finely divided bulk material an acid bulk material or pulp having a solids content of approximately 35-50% is conveyed to a combined high-consistency ozonizer and maturation reactor as a substantially vertical pulp column forming a gas blocking means. In the transition area between the ozonizer and the maturation reactor the finely divided and ozonized pulp which has a very acid pH-value is mixed with chemicals to a pH-value of approximately 8-11 and to a solids content of approximately 15-20%, at which solids content the alkaline pulp in the form of a continuously advancing column is subjected to a maturation process which terminates at a pH-value of the pulp of 6-7.

Abstract: A continuous web of wood or cellulose pulp leaving a dewatering apparatus such as a suction mould or vat machine and having a relatively high content of water, is slitted in two or more longitudinal webs of approximately the same width. The narrow, slitted webs are turned so as to be parallel and brought together or gathered to a multilayer web which is narrower and thicker than the original web. This multilayer web is subjected to further dewatering in one or more pressing machines having dimensions adapted to those of the multilayer web. Finally, the multilayer web is cut transversely into sheets of appropriate size for stacking and packing in bales of suitable size.

Abstract: A disc press for continuous pressing of aqueous or suspended pulp for fractionating the pulp in a liquid fraction and a dry substance fraction, comprises two plane parallel pressing discs mounted for rotation about a shaft and having strainer plates which haul the pulp therebetween by friction. The press also comprises inner and outer pressing means extending between the pressing discs and together with the latter define a curved pulp passage which in the transport direction has a varying cross section and constitutes a filling or dewatering zone, a pressing zone and a discharge zone. The passage zones of the pulp passage combined extend throughout an angle which is less than 360.degree., and the filling or dewatering zone has an approximately constant cross section. The subsequent pressing zone (B) has a uniformly decreasing cross section, the centerline of the pressing zone following an arc having an approximately constant radius about the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating finely divided fibrous pulp with gas without overpressure in a continuous process. The bulk material is substantially continuously supplied to a reactor having one or more supporting floors having apertures of a shape and size which allow the finely divided material to form bridges across the apertures, said apertures also permitting a continuous flow of gas through the bulk material. The bulk material proceeds through the reactor as a consequence of the bridges being broken by breaking arms sweeping along the upper surface of the supporting floors.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for producing and drying a meal of cooked or heat treated animal material, especially fish or fish pulp, the cooked fish pulp is pressed for separation of liquid. After centrifuging and concentration, if desired, the separated liquid is added to the fish pulp during the drying thereof. The cooked and pressed pulp is disintegrated to meal particles before it is subjected to the drying process. By means of hot drying air the meal particles are transported through a drying device consisting of substantially vertically arranged riser and down pipes. In a transition area between associated riser and down pipes, the liquid concentrate is added to the meal particles, said concentrate being entrained by the stream of meal and air for mixing with and drying together with the meal particles to a finished dried meal.

Abstract: When dehydrating and drying fine-grained products which are present in slurry form, dehydration is first carried out in a filter and in conjunction drying in a drying cylinder, inasmuch as the filtering takes place under pressure which is provided by means of the exhaust steam from the drier.

Abstract: A displacement pump of the blade or vane type comprising a rotor with two blades, said rotor being eccentrically mounted in the casing of the pump. The rotor with its blades provides for a first pumping effect so as to transport material in first partial volumes with a first pulsating characteristic having two maxima and two minima for every full rotation of the rotor. The rotor is constructed with circumferential sections between the blades, said sections being located inside the smallest circumscribed circle of the cross-section of the pump and uniformly merging with remaining circumferences of the rotor. Between the outlet and the inlet of the pump a pivotable flap is arranged. The flap with its front edge slidingly abuts against said circumferential sections of the rotor for thereby inducing a second pumping effect. This second pumping effect has a second pulsating characteristic also having two maxima and minima for every full rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: A filter comprising a vessel in the form of a closed drum which is rotatably mounted about a horizontal central axis, and a plurality of longitudinal, hollow, horizontal filter elements which are arranged in a ring. The filter elements extend between and are connected to the end walls of the drum for rotation about the central axis together with the drum. The peripheral surfaces of the filter elements constitute a filter surface which, upon rotation of the drum and the elements, will submerge into and emerge from the liquid to be filtered which is contained in the drum. At one end the filter elements extend through the end wall of the drum, and this end of the filter elements is open to permit unobstructed discharge of the filtrate. A blow tube with nozzle means is provided within each filter element, with the blow tube serving to remove solids deposited on the filter surface when the surface is above the liquid level in the vessel.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the incineration of aqueous sewage sludge utilizing mechanical de-watering followed by thermal drying of the sludge prior to its being conducted to a combustion chamber for incineration. The water vapor-containing malodorous exhaust gas resulting from the thermal drying of the sludge is passed through a condenser to remove the water vapor therefrom and is thereafter conducted into the combustion chamber of the incinerator for deodorization by heating with the aid of the hot combustion gases in the incinerator.