Abstract: This invention is a method to inhibit the polymerization of carbonyl compounds in a basic wash unit operation in a hydrocarbon cracking process, wherein a compound selected from the group consisting of alpha-amino acids and esters thereof and amides thereof and salts thereof and mixtures thereof or Mercaptoacetic acid and alkyl esters thereof, is added either to a stream comprising a carbonyl compound or to the basic wash unit operation; wherein the compound is selected such that it remains water-soluble and base-soluble and does not flocculate in the stream or in the basic wash unit operation; and wherein the stream is contacted with the compound either before or at the same time as the stream enters the basic wash unit operation; or wherein the compound is added to the basic wash unit operation before or while the stream enters the basic wash unit operation.

Abstract: A method of reducing the formation of coke deposits on the heat-transfer surfaces of an ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride pyrolysis furnace comprising exposing the heat transfer surfaces of said pyrolysis furnace to a phosphite selected from the group consisting of phosphites with the general formula: wherein A1, A2 and A3 are selected from the group consisting of —OR1, —SR2 and Cl, wherein R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl and arylalkyl, wherein A1, A2 and A3 may be the same or different, provided that at least one of A1, A2, and A3 is not Cl.

Abstract: Industrial plant streams and processes that contain reactive light olefins such as isoprene and butadiene are plagued with fouling problems due to premature polymerization resulting in significant economic loss. A combination of phenylenediamines with nitroxides is found to be synergistic in its ability to prevent this premature polymerization of reactive light olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making and a method for using a corrosion inhibitor composition to reduce the corrosion rate of a metal by a fluid containing a corrosion agent. The corrosion inhibitor composition comprises at least a quaternized compound having an amido moiety. An example of the quaternized compound is a quaternized amido imidazoline.

Abstract: Demulsification of a water-in-oil, especially a water-in-crude oil, emulsion is effected by contacting it with an aqueous composition having at least one oil-soluble demulsifier and at least one water-soluble surfactant. These aqueous formulations are advantageous over conventional organic formulations of demulsifiers, as the need for toxic and/or flammable/combustible organic solvents is eliminated.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibiting compositions and methods for inhibiting the corrosion of metal surfaces by corrosive aqueous fluids are provided. In accordance with the invention, a corrosion inhibiting composition comprised of one or more aldehyde oligomers having the general formula are combined with the corrosive aqueous fluid.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a zwitterionic water-soluble imine of formula: wherein R1 is heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl or lower alkyl; R2 is alkyl, alkenyl, aminoalkyl, diaminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or arylalkyl; R3 is hydrogen and lower alkyl, or R1 and R3 taken together form a cycloalkyl, p is 2, 3, 4 or 5; and Z is CO2−, OCO2−, SO3−, OSO3−, PO3− or OPO3− which are useful as ferrous metal corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: An oil based drilling mud is viscosified with a maleated ethylene-propylene elastomers. The elastomers are preferably EPM copolymers or EPDM terpolymers. The concentration of the maleic anhydride grafted to the copolymer or terpolymer backbone ranges from 0.01 to 5 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 wt %. The maleated elastomers are far more effective oil mud viscosifiers than the organophilic clays presently used.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a gelling agent composition comprising the reaction product of a high molecular weight gelling agent additive, a low molecular weight phosphate diester acid, and a Group II or Group III metal salt, to methods of preparing the gelling agent composition, to a gelled hydrocarbon liquid comprising the gelling agent composition and to a method of fracturing subterranean formations using the gelled hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the concentration of metal soaps of partially esterified phosphates from a hydrocarbon flowback fluid resulting from a hydraulic fracturing fluid operation using an alkaline aqueous-based additive solution.

Abstract: Probes previously used only in polar systems are used to detect the presence of foam in nonpolar systems, such as hydrocarbon systems. The probes are used to detect the present of foam in high pressure separating equipment and to notify the operator of such equipment that a foaming condition exists. In response, the operator can either increase or decrease the amount of defoaming chemicals being added to the separator or the flowrate of the defoaming chemical is automatically changed to a predetermined flow rate. The probes may also be used to determine the amount of gas that is trapped or entrained in the crude oil.

Abstract: An acid corrosion inhibitor composition is provided for petroleum wells and water wells subjected to stimulation with acid solutions. The inhibitor combines cinnamaldehyde and an organo-sulfur compound. The inhibitor provides a reduced rate of corrosion and fewer instances of pitting than inhibitors which include cinnamaldehyde alone. The inhibitor does not suffer from the well-known oil field aldehyde/polyacrylamide crosslinking incompatibility. The enhanced performance by the inhibitor of the present invention is provided by a synergistic action between the cinnamaldehyde and an organo-sulfur compound.

Abstract: When a nitroxyl compound is heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere with a vinyl aromatic monomer at 50-140.degree. C. for up to 60 days, it forms an activated inhibitor mixture which is superior to the nitroxyl compound itself in preventing the premature polymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer during its processing and purification.

Abstract: A method for improving purification efficiency when distilling off aldehyde contaminants during chemical manufacturing processes by adding a substituted aromatic amine having electron donating group substituents prior to the distillation column. The method is particularly useful for removal of aldehydes such as acrolein, generated as a by-product of acrylonitrile manufacture. Preferred aromatic amines are 2-amino aniline, 3,4-dimethyl aniline and 4-ethyl aniline.

Abstract: Zwitterionic water-soluble imine corrosion inhibitors of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is an anionically charged group. Preferred zwitterionic imines are the reaction products of the Michael addition of acrylic acid to an imine.

Abstract: A gelling agent for viscosifying liquid hydrocarbon fracturing fluids is an aluminum salt of a phosphate ester made by forming the ester by reacting P.sub.2 O.sub.5 with a mixture of organic alcohols which include high molecular weight alcohols or diols selected from hydroxy functional homopolymers, copolymer or terpolymer made from olefins and diolefins selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, isoprene, and selected styrenes. The oil based fracturing fluid containing the gelling agent in sufficient concentration to provide a viscosity of between 50 cp and 350 cp at 100.degree. F.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for mitigating fouling and reducing viscosity in primary fractionators and quench sections of ethylene plants by adding to a hydrocarbon stream a mono and/or a polyalkyl-substituted phenol-formaldehyde resin having a weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 30,000 and at least one alkyl substituent containing from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms, which alkyl substituent may be linear or branched.

Abstract: This invention relates to inhibiting corrosion in systems of condensing hydrocarbons which contain water and chlorides, and, more particularly, in the overhead of crude oil atmospheric pipestills, with blends of amines. Preferred blends are 2-amino-1-methoxypropane, sec-butylamine, n-butylamine, dipropylamine and monoamylamine; 2-amino-1-methoxypropane, sec-butylamine, monoamylamine, n-butylamine and isobutylamine; and sec-butylamine, 2-amino-1-methoxypropane and 3-amino-1-methoxypropane.

Abstract: Polymerization is inhibited during the anaeroic production of styrene through the addition of a combination of a stable nitroxide free radical compound and a non-toxic phenylenediamine compound.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing coke deposition in a pyrolysis furnace which comprises treating the pyrolysis furnace with a combination of sulfur- and phosphorus-containing compounds having a total sulfur to phosphorus atomic ratio of at least 5.