Abstract: Provided are a method and a device for real-time monitoring of tunnel deformation. The monitoring method includes: S1, erecting a plurality of structured light sources in an unstable area to be monitored of a tunnel structure, and erecting a monitoring terminal in a relatively stable region of the tunnel structure, where the monitoring terminal may communicate with the plurality of structured light sources; S2, observing all structured lights in the unstable area of the tunnel structure and obtaining structured light curves in real time by the monitoring terminal; S3, analyzing imaging changes of the structured lights, detecting deformation degrees and offset distances of the tunnel in real time, and monitoring the diseases such as settlement, convergence of a single-section of the tunnel and integral settlement of a multi-section of the tunnel by the data processing unit.