Abstract: Elastic message tracking apparatus and methods are provided that opportunistically improve on the latency of a message processing system and increase the accuracy of a consolidated message stream generated from message streams received from multiple message sources. The elastic message tracking apparatus and methods reduce that latency in situations where the actual latency of all the message streams is lower than a predetermined latency value.

Abstract: The technology described herein relates to an automated marketplace system for exchanging tradeable instrument(s). In particular, the technology described herein relates to an automated exchange system that simultaneously places order objects in multiple order book memories and updates orders that are stored in the multiple order book memories for consistency.

Abstract: Control circuitry controls the operations of a central processing unit, CPU, which is associated with a nominal clock frequency. The CPU is further coupled to an I/O range and configured to deliver input to an application. The control circuitry controls the CPU to poll the I/O range for input to the application. The control circuitry also monitors whether or not each poll results in input to the application and adjusts a clock frequency at which the CPU operates to a clock frequency lower than the nominal clock frequency if a pre-defined number of polls resulting in no input is detected.

Abstract: A computer system that interfaces with a blockchain is provided. The computer system receives match data for a match between a first data transaction request that is associated with a first identifier and a second data transaction request that is associated with a second identifier. A first blockchain transaction is generated based on the match data and stored to a blockchain. At least one further blockchain transaction is generates that splits the match into two different transactions—one between the first identifier and an intermediary and the second between the intermediary. These are recorded to the blockchain via the further blockchain transactions.

Abstract: A method of processing exchange system trading data is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving an order data message from a matching engine of an automated exchange. The order data message has first data format and it also comprises identification information associated with a trading entity. The received data message is then converted into a new data message of a new data format, which is different from the data format of the received order data message. Also, the trading entity from which the received order data message is originating is identified. Subsequently, the new data message having the new data format can be transmitted to a plurality of client devices associated with the identified trading entity. This may allow for all, or at least a majority of client devices, of the identified trading entity to get an overview of the total order activity of the identified trading entity.

Abstract: A computer system is provided that stores reference data records and event data records that each correspond to one of the reference data records. Tokens are generated from the reference data records and sorted into subsets. Each reference data record that has a given token is included in the corresponding subset. A correlation value is calculated between members (e.g., the reference data records) of the subsets. The correlation values are calculated by determining a common time, calculating a reference value, calculating a percentage difference from the reference value, and then determining a correlation value (e.g., a correlation coefficient) using the percentage difference.

Abstract: A computer system includes a memory that stores two lists of electronic data transaction requests. Stored and received data transaction requests are associated with a size value and a counter-size requirement value. When data transaction requests are received they are added to one of the two lists and list to which the data transaction request is added is set to a working side. A working order is selected from the working side and a first sum of size values of data transaction requests is calculated from the working side. A second sum of size values is calculated from the non-working side from data transaction requests that have a counter-size requirement value that is less than the first sum. If the counter-size requirement value is less than or equal to the second sum, the electronic data requests from the respective lists are matched.

Abstract: A computer system includes a memory to store a first set of data including data processing requests or data processing execution results and computer hardware to determine an input relating to a load and filter the first set of data to extract, based on the input relating to the load, a second set of data from the first set of data, thereby leaving a remaining set of data. The second set of data and the remaining set of data both include data processing requests or data processing execution results input or generated by the computer system. The computer hardware prepares electronic messages to be transmitted over a communications network to a plurality of remote user terminals. The electronic messages contain the second set of data but do not contain the remaining set of data. The computer hardware controls a frequency at which the electronic messages containing the second set of data are to be transmitted over the communications network based on the input relating to the load.

Abstract: An example computer system is configured to access broker order data and executed trade information in a memory, and to correlate the executed trade information and broker order data. The computer system is further configured to generate a view arranged to simultaneously display order spread, trade price for executed trades, and order book depth over a time period, based upon the correlated data. The broker order data represent orders transmitted by an external computer to an electronic exchange to trade in a tradeable instrument. The executed trade information includes information on trades executed by the electronic exchange based on the said orders.

Abstract: A user terminal for communicating with a computer server is operated on behalf of a first user (a second user terminal is operated on behalf of a second user). The user terminal transmits to the computer server pre-trade information including an order and receives first offset information that indicates a first price offset value, which is different from a second price offset value sent to the second user terminal. The terminals receive a single message from the server that indicates a market price but does not include the first price offset value or the second price offset value. The user terminal modifies the market price using the first price offset value to obtain a first actual price different from a second actual price corresponding to a modification of the market price based on the second price offset value.

Abstract: An asynchronous distributed computing system with a plurality of computing nodes is provided. One of the computing nodes includes a sequencer service that receives updates from the plurality of computing nodes. The sequencer service maintains or annotates messages added to the global state of the system. Updates to the global state are published to the plurality of computing nodes. Monitoring services on the other computing nodes write the updates into a locally maintained copy of the global state that exists in shared memory on each one of the nodes. Client computer processes on the nodes may then subscribe to have updates “delivered” to the respective client computer processes.

Abstract: The described technology relates to a publish-subscribe message framework in which an application, decomposed to a plurality of processing stages, is run by executing respective processing stages of the application asynchronously and simultaneously with each other. Communications between the respective processing stages may exclusively be in accordance with the publish-subscribe execution model. The described publish-subscribe framework provides for processing stages to be executed in a multi-process and/or multi-threaded manner while also enabling the distribution of the processing stages to respective processing resources in a multi-processor/multi-core processing environment. An example electronic exchange application and a corresponding example exchange gateway application are described.

Abstract: A cloud computer system is provided that includes a plurality of computer devices and a database. The plurality of computer devices execute a plurality of virtual machines, with one of the virtual machines serving as a controller node and the remainder serving as worker instances. The controller node is programmed to accept a request to initiate a distributed process that includes a plurality of data jobs, determine a number of worker instances to create across the plurality of computer devices, and cause the number of worker instances to be created on the plurality of computer devices. The worker instances are programmed to create a unique message queue for the corresponding worker instance, and store a reference for the unique message queue that was created for the corresponding worker to the database. The controller node retrieves the reference to the unique message queues and posts jobs to the message queues for execution by the worker instances.

Abstract: A computer system is provided for retrospectively processing a data structure that includes a plurality of entries. The computer system determines if certain data transactions requests that have been recorded in the data structure could have been executed differently (e.g., by being processed at an earlier point in time). For a given entry in the data structure, the system determines if data transaction request could have at least partly succeeded against a prior recorded state of at least one of two ordered lists of pending data transaction requests. Another entry is then found that caused the initial entry to fail in execution and a time delta is stored between the timestamp of the another entry and the timestamp of the initial entry.

Abstract: The described technology relates to electronic continuous trading systems, and matching data records representing inventories with variant characteristics such as, variant length, variant data types, etc. Example implementations provide for generating instrument descriptors that include unitary-valued attributes and set-valued attributes, and the use of both types of attributes in trade decision making.

Abstract: A data processing system for processing data messages received from multiple user terminals over one or more data networks includes a processor, an input/output (I/O) range, and multiple processing layers configured to run on the processor. The multiple processing layers include an application layer, including an application, configured when run on the processor to process data messages from the I/O range, a hardware layer configured when run on the processor to communicate with hardware devices including the user terminals, and an operating system kernel layer configured when run on the processor to provide data communications between the application layer and the hardware layer. The application layer can bypass the operating system kernel layer when communicating with the hardware layer to poll the I/O range for data messages for input to and processing by the application.

Abstract: The technology performs obligations fulfillment monitoring. An input data stream of data messages is received including transaction data and reference data, obligation control logic, and a set of obligation parameters associated with the obligation control logic. An event data processor processes the input data stream using a current version of the obligation control logic and the set of obligation parameters. Subsequently, the event processor receives information to implement and execute obligation control logic that is dynamically-modified and different from the current version of the obligation control logic. The event processor generates and outputs an obligation fulfillment message based on the dynamically-modified obligation logic and transmits to an interested entity.

Abstract: Elastic message tracking apparatus and methods are provided that opportunistically improve on the latency of a message processing system and increase the accuracy of a consolidated message stream generated from message streams received from multiple message sources. The elastic message tracking apparatus and methods reduce that latency in situations where the actual latency of all the message streams is lower than a predetermined latency value.

Abstract: A computer system that interfaces with a blockchain is provided. The computer system receives match data for a match between a first data transaction request that is associated with a first identifier and a second data transaction request that is associated with a second identifier. A first blockchain transaction is generated based on the match data and stored to a blockchain. At least one further blockchain transaction is generated that splits the match into two different transactions—one between the first identifier and an intermediary and the second between the intermediary and the second identifier. These are recorded to the blockchain via the further blockchain transactions.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for processing data transactions use a sequencer communicating with a plurality of data processors and provide improved performance and lower latency.