Abstract: An optical reading head system has a calibrated pixel output, consisting of a discrete value for each of a plurality of pixels. The system has a scanning station with an exposure region that includes an image region and a detector including an array of photosensitive sites that sense reflected light from the exposure region during a detector exposure period to generate a pixel output profile of the image region. There are a plurality of light sources for lighting the exposure region. Each light source emits an individually controllable amount of light to the exposure region during a detector exposure period such that the system's pixel output is acceptably calibrated. A calibration medium is supplied with a calibration region, and a target pixel output profile is defined for the calibration. The individually controllable light sources are adjusted to make the pixel output profile acceptably within range of the target pixel output profile.

Abstract: A system for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient test scoring for the answers. The system monitors test resolver performance in order to provide feedback.

Abstract: A method and system for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient scoring of test answers. The method and system routes test answers to resolvers based on classifications of resolvers and persons who generated the rest answers. Monitoring and selecting resolvers based on classifications promotes fair and consistent scoring of test answers.

Abstract: A method and system for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient scoring of test answers. Collaborative scoring allows two test resolvers to score the same test answer and resolves potential discrepancies in the scores provided by the resolvers. Quality items monitor a test resolver's scoring performance against a known standard. A quality-control test item, having a known score, is transmitted to a test resolver. After receiving a score from the resolver, the known score is compared with the resolver's score and a quality profile is generated for the resolver.

Abstract: A method and system for increasing the speed at which test answers are processed. The method and system receives electronic representations of test answers and organizes the test answers into separate groupings. Next a particular grouping of test answers are displayed to a test resolver so that the resolver can score the test answers. In displaying the answers, the method and system uses a matrix of cells and displays one test answer in each of the cells. The test resolver can thus simultaneously view multiple test answers, which facilitates efficient scoring of the answers.

Abstract: A method and system for reporting groupings of answers to test questions. Answers to test questions are received in electronic form, after which the answers are divided according to predefined categories and organized into separate groupings. The answers in the groupings are reported.

Abstract: A method and system for on-line scoring is described that dynamically provides resolvers with rules for scoring answers to particular questions. Rules are stored which relate to procedures for scoring the test questions. When test questions and answers are displayed to a test resolver for scoring, the corresponding rules are displayed for scoring the displayed answer.

Abstract: A method for reporting groupings of answers to test questions. Answers to test questions are received in electronic form, after which the answers are divided according to predefined categories and organized into separate groupings. The answers in the groupings are reported.

Abstract: A method for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient scoring of test answers. Collaborative scoring allows two test resolvers to score the same test answer and resolves potential discrepancies in the scores provided by the resolvers. Quality items monitor a test resolver's scoring performance against a known standard. A quality-control test item, having a known score, is transmitted to a test resolver. After receiving a score from the resolver, the known score is compared with the resolver's score and a quality profile is generated for the resolver.

Abstract: A method for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient test scoring of the answers. The method monitors test resolver performance in order to provide feedback. By tracking a resolver's scoring rate to compile performance data, the method monitors efficiency and optionally recommends break times and provides the resolver with diversionary activities during breaks.

Abstract: A method for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient scoring of test answers. The method routes test answers to resolvers based on classifications of resolvers and persons who generated the test answers. Monitoring and selecting resolvers based on classifications promotes fair and consist scoring of test answers.

Abstract: A method for increasing the speed at which test answers are processed. The method receives electronic representations of test answers and organizes the test answers into separate groupings. The method next displays a particular grouping of test answers to a test resolver so that the resolver can score the test answers. In displaying the answers, the method uses a matrix of cells and displays one test answer in each of the cells. The test resolver can thus simultaneously view multiple test answers, which facilitates efficient scoring of the answers.

Abstract: A method for on-line scoring is described that dynamically provides test resolvers with rules for scoring answers to particular test questions. Rules are stored which relate to procedures for scoring the test questions. When test questions and answers are displayed to a test resolver for scoring, the corresponding rules are displayed for scoring the displayed answer.

Abstract: A system for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient scoring of test answers. The system routes test answers to resolvers based on classifications of resolvers and persons who generated the test answers. Monitoring and selecting resolvers based on classifications promotes fair and consistent scoring of test answers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for variably printing and electively binding sheets. A printer is used to print variable sets of information onto a plurality of sheets, sequence the printed sheets, and assemble the printed sheets into a stack. Particular sheets within the stack of the printed sheets are selectively bound together. The binding is accomplished using a toner or other adhesive selectively applied to the sheets. This allows for the printing and binding of different booklets from an assembled stack of sheets, for example, without having to remove each booklet from the stack and separately bind it.

Abstract: A system for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient scoring of test answers. Collaborative scoring allows two test resolvers to score the same test answer and resolves potential discrepancies in the scores provided by the resolvers. Quality items monitor a test resolver's scoring performance against a known standard. The system transmits a quality-control test item, having a known score, to a test resolver. After receiving a score from the resolver, the system compares the known score with the resolver's score and can generate a quality profile for the resolver.

Abstract: An on-line scoring guide dynamically provides test resolvers with rules for scoring answers to particular test questions. The system stores rules which relate to procedures for scoring the test questions. When test questions and answers are displayed to a test resolver for scoring, the system displays the corresponding rules for scoring the displayed answer.

Abstract: A system for managing resolvers of test answers to maintain consistent and efficient scoring of the answers. The system monitors test resolver performance in order to provide feedback. By tracking a resolver's scoring rate to compile performance data, the system monitor's efficiency and optionally recommends break times and provides the resolver with diversionary activities during breaks.

Abstract: A system for reporting groupings of answers to test questions. The system receives in electronic form answers to test questions, after which the system divides the answers according to predefined categories and organizes the divided answers into separate groupings. The system reports the answers in the groupings. The system can also merge a test answer with other report information to provide an indication of a process used in obtaining a given answer.

Abstract: To determine a read level threshold for discriminating those response bubbles on a scannable answer sheet intended to be marked from those response bubbles not intended to be marked, an adjustable read level threshold is dynamically determined based on the read levels of a designated pool of response bubbles. In an optical scanner the darkness (read level) of each response mark entered for a particular question is determined to make a profile. From this profile showing the various read levels present for the response marks, the system determines read level "gaps," i.e., read levels in the profile for which there are no marks present, and adjusts the threshold for discriminating intended marks based on the read level(s) comprising the gaps.