Abstract: Every depth of the measurement object measures energy structural information, refractive index, transmittance, reflectance other than property information of (as for the resolution several microns), e.g., space information at the same time. A spectrum measurement device receives a reference wave propagating in a reference path and a measurement wave propagating in a measurement path having a start point same as a start point of the reference path, and derives a spectrum of the measurement wave. The space information of the measuring object, energy structural information, refractive index, transmittance, a reflective index using spectrum measurement device are derived.

Abstract: The PWM signal generator of the present invention generates a first pulse waveform in which a first on-time ?T1 calculated by a first on-time calculator (401) is used as an on-duration, and a second pulse waveform in which a second on-time ?T2, calculated by a second on-time calculator (402) when a preset delay time has elapsed from the start of the calculation of the first on-time ?T1, is used as an on-duration. Also, a PWM signal generator (413) generates a PWM signal on the basis of a composite pulse in which the generated first pulse waveform and second pulse waveform are combined, and the first on-time calculator (401) calculates the first on-time ?T1 at the end of the composite pulse waveform.

Abstract: The relay (KM) has at least first and second contact points (a1, a2), the states of which are switched from an open state to a close state by the drive of an electromagnet (32). The first and second contact points (a1, a2) switch the states between the open state and the close state by enabling movable contact pieces (31) to move with respect to respective fixed contact pieces (30) by using a power transmission mechanism (21) movable by the drive of the electromagnet (32). The first and second contact points (a1, a2) are set so that the second contact point(a2) is switched to the close state after the first contact point(a1) is switched to the close state and the first contact point(a1) is switched to the open state after the second contact point(a2) is switched to the open state.

Abstract: A modified natural rubber particle having carbon-carbon double bonds assigned to multifunctional vinyl monomers graft-copolymerized onto the surface of the modified natural rubber particle, which is prepared by graft-copolymerization of multifunctional vinyl monomers having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds onto natural rubber particles or deproteinized natural rubber particles. One of the methods for producing a modified natural rubber particle includes the steps of: forming inclusion complex of the multifunctional vinyl monomers having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds with a guest-protecting agent to protect at least one of the double bonds of the multifunctional vinyl monomers; graft-copolymerizing the resulting inclusion complex onto natural rubber particles or deproteinized natural rubber particles; and deprotecting the protected double bonds by removing the guest-protecting agent from the obtained graft-copolymer.

Abstract: Providing a remote control technique capable of realizing the achievement of constraints and the certain following of a target value even with a network in which delay, loss, distortion, or the like may occur. In a remote control system, an area setting unit of a client-side control unit sets at least two areas representative of a group of states of an target object, which changes over time by feedback control. A state-evaluation information sending unit sends, to the host-side control unit, state evaluation information obtained by evaluating the state of the target object based on the area set by the area setting unit. A target value setting unit of the host-side control unit sets a target value such that the state of the target object changes in the area set by the area setting units. Moreover, a target value updating unit updates the target value based on the state evaluation information received from the client-side control unit.

Abstract: Provided is the method for producing, by heat treating raw material powder, a lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode material which contains an olivine-structure crystal represented by general formula LiMxFe1-xPO4 (where 0?x<1 and M is at least one type selected from Nb, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co and Ni), wherein the raw material powder contains trivalent iron compound. The present invention allows for stably producing at reduced cost a lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode material which contains olivine-type LiMxFe1-xPO4 crystal.

Abstract: A current source rectifier is provided at an output of an alternating current generator, an alternating current motor is connected to an output of the rectifier via a voltage source inverter, furthermore, two arms having switching elements connected in inverse parallel to diodes are connected to the output of the rectifier, and one terminal of a direct current power source capable of a power supply and absorption is connected to a midpoint between the arms, while the other terminal thereof is connected to a neutral point of motor coils or generator coils, thereby eliminating a need for a large volumetric reactor in a direct current chopper, achieving a downsizing of the circuit.

Abstract: A disclosed substrate processing apparatus comprises a reaction chamber; a substrate supporting portion that is provided in the reaction chamber and configured to support a substrate; and plural catalyst reaction portions that are arranged in the reaction chamber in order to oppose the substrate supporting portion, and configured to produce a reaction gas by allowing a source gas introduced from a gas introduction portion to contact a catalyst and to eject the reaction gas to an inner space of the reaction chamber, thereby processing the substrate supported by the substrate supporting portion with the ejected reaction gas.

Abstract: A microreactor having a reaction mixture inlet, a reaction mixture channel, and a reaction mixture outlet is provided, in which a piezoelectric material that generates surface acoustic waves and has, formed on the surface thereof, a thin film having catalytic activity is disposed in the reaction mixture channel so that the inner surface of the reaction mixture channel is configured from the thin film. The thin film having catalytic activity can be constituted of a material selected from a group consisting of metals, metal oxides, and complexes of organic compounds. The microreactor attains remarkable improvements in the effect of stirring a reaction mixture and catalysis, whereby a chemical reaction can be evenly and efficiently accelerated. The microreactor is free from channel clogging and pressure loss and hence renders a stable and precise chemical reaction possible.

Abstract: A disclosed substrate processing method includes steps of: arranging a substrate in a chamber; introducing H2 gas at a first flow rate and O2 gas at a second flow rate independently from the H2 gas into a catalyst reaction portion in which catalyst is accommodated, wherein H2O gas produced from the H2 gas and the O2 gas that contact the catalyst is ejected from the catalyst reaction portion toward the substrate; and reducing a flow rate of the O2 gas introduced to the catalyst reaction portion to a third flow rate that is lower than the second flow rate, wherein the steps of introducing the H2 gas and the O2 gas and reducing the flow rate of the O2 gas are repeated in this order at a predetermined repetition frequency, thereby processing the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided an inverter circuit which allows a single drive circuit to carry out both the tracking control for tracking resonance frequency fluctuations caused by load fluctuations, and the power control, thereby reducing switching loss. An inverter drive circuit part obtains a phase difference between output current and output voltage directed to a load circuit which is connected to a midpoint of two arm circuits of the inverter circuit, and controls a phase of the driving signal directed to each of the semiconductor switches in such a manner that the phase difference becomes zero or a predetermined value. This allows an operating frequency of the inverter circuit part to track a resonance frequency of the load circuit. In addition, this enables a current phase to be delayed with respect to a voltage phase, thereby achieving ZCS.

Abstract: A dual-power-supply system uses both a fuel cell and a chargeable secondary battery. A differential voltage adding unit adds a differential voltage between the voltage of the fuel cell and a necessary target output voltage to the voltage of the fuel cell by using the secondary battery, thereby obtaining an output voltage of the dual-power-supply system. A control unit detects the output voltage, and controls the differential voltage adding unit such that the output voltage is equal to the target output voltage.

Abstract: An electric power system comprises an AC motor, a first DC voltage unit, an inverter as a power converter, being connected between the AC motor and first DC voltage unit, for exchanging power between these two components; and a controlled DC power supply which is connected between an arbitrary spot of a coil of the AC motor and a positive or negative electrode of the first DC voltage unit and which connects at least one semiconductor switching element and a battery as a second DC voltage unit in series.

Abstract: A modified natural rubber particle having carbon-carbon double bonds assigned to multifunctional vinyl monomers graft-copolymerized onto the surface of the modified natural rubber particle, which is prepared by graft-copolymerization of multifunctional vinyl monomers having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds onto natural rubber particles or deproteinized natural rubber particles. One of the methods for producing a modified natural rubber particle includes the steps of: forming inclusion complex of the multifunctional vinyl monomers having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds with a guest-protecting agent to protect at least one of the double bonds of the multifunctional vinyl monomers; graft-copolymerizing the resulting inclusion complex onto natural rubber particles or deproteinized natural rubber particles; and deprotecting the protected double bonds by removing the guest-protecting agent from the obtained graft-copolymer.

Abstract: Providing a remote control technique capable of realizing the achievement of constraints and the certain following of a target value even with a network in which delay, loss, distortion, or the like may occur. In a remote control system, an area setting unit of a client-side control unit sets at least two areas representative of a group of states of an target object, which changes over time by feedback control. A state-evaluation information sending unit sends, to the host-side control unit, state evaluation information obtained by evaluating the state of the target object based on the area set by the area setting unit. A target value setting unit of the host-side control unit sets a target value such that the state of the target object changes in the area set by the area setting units. Moreover, a target value updating unit updates the target value based on the state evaluation information received from the client-side control unit.

Abstract: A disclosed deposition apparatus includes a catalyst reaction apparatus including an introduction part that introduces a first source gas, a catalyst container that contains a catalyst that produces reactive gas from the first source gas introduced from the introduction part, and a reactive gas ejection part that ejects the reactive gas from the catalyst container; a reactive gas separator that allows the reactive gas ejected from the reactive gas ejection part to go therethrough; a substrate supporting part that supports a substrate; and a supplying part that supplies a second source gas that reacts with the reactive gas that passes through the reactive gas separator, thereby depositing a film on the substrate.

Abstract: The PWM signal generator of the present invention generates a first pulse waveform in which a first on-time ?T1 calculated by a first on-time calculator (401) is used as an on-duration, and a second pulse waveform in which a second on-time ?T2, calculated by a second on-time calculator (402) when a preset delay time has elapsed from the start of the calculation of the first on-time ?T1, is used as an on-duration. Also, a PWM signal generator (413) generates a PWM signal on the basis of a composite pulse in which the generated first pulse waveform and second pulse waveform are combined, and the first on-time calculator (401) calculates the first on-time ?T1 at the end of the composite pulse waveform.

Abstract: A dual-power-supply system uses both a fuel cell and a chargeable secondary battery. A differential voltage adding unit adds a differential voltage between the voltage of the fuel cell and a necessary target output voltage to the voltage of the fuel cell by using the secondary battery, thereby obtaining an output voltage of the dual-power-supply system. A control unit detects the output voltage, and controls the differential voltage adding unit such that the output voltage is equal to the target output voltage.

Abstract: A deposition method of depositing a nitride film, including steps of introducing one or more nitrogen supplying gas selected from hydrazine and nitrogen oxides into a catalyst reaction apparatus; enabling a reactive gas generated by contacting the nitrogen supplying gas with catalyst to be spouted out from the catalyst reaction apparatus; and reacting the reactive gas with a compound gas, thereby depositing a nitride film on a substrate is disclosed.

Abstract: Object To provide a technique for efficiently forming a metal oxide thin film made of zinc oxide or the like on a substrate at a low cost, without requiring a large amount of electrical energy. Means of Solution H2 gas and O2 gas or, H2O2 gas, is introduced into a catalytic reactor to make contact with a catalyst to generate H2O gas, and the H2O gas is jetted from the catalytic reactor to react with a metal compound gas, to thereby deposit a metal oxide thin film on a substrate and fabricate the metal oxide thin film.