Abstract: A communication system is presented in which a base station is provided for communicating with a plurality of mobile communication devices in a cellular communication system. The base station operates one of more communication cells and communicates subframes, with each of the plurality of communication devices within the cell(s), each comprising the communication resources of a control region for communicating a control channel and the communication resources of a data region for communicating a respective data channel. The base station communicates a control channel having a first DMRS sequence in a control region of some subframes and a control channel having a second DMRS sequence in a control region of other subframes. The second control channel may be transmitted in a radio beam focussed spatially in a direction of a communication device. The first control channel may be transmitted omnidirectionally throughout the cell(s).

Abstract: An apparatus of this invention is directed to an information processing apparatus that continues detection of an instruction of an operator even if the reliability of instruction information detection has lowered due to a device fault, degradation of the environment, and the like.

Abstract: A portable telephone includes an upper housing and a lower housing connected by a two-axis hinge. A magnet is built into the upper housing at a position spaced from the upper housing center axis passing the vertical axis (Y) of the two-axis hinge. Depending on the direction of the upper housing when the two housings are closed, the magnet comes to a position symmetrical about the center axis. Consequently, when MR sensors are arranged in the lower housing at positions corresponding to the above positions, the direction of the upper housing can be determined. Four elements in total are conventionally required to detect the direction of a housing; however, the device enables housing detection by three elements in total: one magnet, two MR sensors. The number of elements necessary to detect the direction of a housing is reduced, as is the area for mounting the elements.

Abstract: To supply a frequency control signal to a laser diode module for generating a laser beam susceptible to a variation in frequency or wavelength, a frequency stabilizing device comprises a birefringent body (21) for converting the variation to a variation in a polarization state of the laser beam to produce a polarization varied beam, which a polarization separating element (22) separates into first and second beam components having orthogonally polarized directions and first and second beam intensities. Optical detectors (26,27) detect the beam intensities to produce first and second detection signals. A subtracter (28) calculates a difference between the beam intensities. A control signal producing arangement (29) produces the frequency control signal in compliance with the difference. Preferably, the difference is normalized by a sum of the beam intensities. The birefringent body may be a uniaxial or a biaxial body. The uniaxial body should have an optic axis which forms an angle of 45.degree.