Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a noble metal catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion, to a method for the preparation thereof based on gas phase technique, to the use of the catalyst in reactions such as ring-opening, isomerisation, alkylation, hydrocarbon reforming, dry reforming, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, and to a method for the manufacture of middle distillates. Said noble metal catalyst comprises a group VIII metal selected from platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, or mixtures of combinations thereof on a support and the catalyst activates carbon monoxide at a temperature below 323 K.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new base stock material. Specifically the invention relates to a saturated hydrocarbon composition and particularly to a composition based on biological raw materials, to be used as a high-quality base oil or to be used as a component in the production of a base oil having a high viscosity index and good low temperature properties. The composition contains saturated hydrocarbons and has a narrow carbon number range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality saturated base oil or a base oil component based on hydrocarbons. The process of the invention comprises two main steps, the oligomerization and deoxygenation. A biological starting material containing unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or esters of carboxylic acids is preferably used as the feedstock.

Abstract: A feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to branched and saturated hydrocarbons without heteroatoms in the diesel fuel distillation range by skeletal isomerisation and deoxygenation carried out by hydrodeoxygenation or alternatively by combined decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions, whereby the consumption of hydrogen is decreased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil particularly of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises aldol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Aldehydes and/or ketones, preferably of biological origin are used as the feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises alcohol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols of biological origin are used as the feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to chemical industry and is directed to the production of middle distillate from vegetable oils. In the first step of the production method, the fatty acids or triglycerides of said vegetable oils are hydrogenated to give n-paraffins, and in the second step, the n-paraffins are catalytically converted to paraffins with branched chains. Using this process having two steps, a high-quality middle distillate useful as a component of diesel fuels without any particular specifications may be produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400° C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent/fresh feed is 5-30:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an active and selective zeolite catalyst having MTT structure that is useful in skeletal isomerisation of light olefins. It also relates to a method for the manufacture of said catalyst. The method for the manufacture of the zeolite catalyst having MTT structure comprises the steps of a) Preparing of a gel mixture capable of forming crystalline material, and said mixture comprising sources of alkali or alkaline earth metal (M,) of an oxide of a trivalent element (X), of an oxide of a tetravalent element (Y), water and a directing agent (R), and said mixture having a composition, in terms of molar ratios, within the following ranges; (I) b) Maintaining of said mixture under sufficient conditions, including a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 250° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an aqueous solution comprising trimethyl glycine as a coolant fluid in engine applications selected from engines used in automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, aircrafts, trains, tractors, generators, compressors, from stationary engines and equipment, marine engines, power systems, industrial engines, electric engines, fuel cell engines and hybride engines.

Abstract: A method for operating a dimerization reactor that receives a hydrocarbon feed and produces an output stream comprising a light hydrocarbon component, a dimer and an alcohol component comprises: (a) separating the first output stream into a top stream containing the light hydrocarbon and a bottom stream containing the dimer, with the alcohol being present in the top stream or the bottom stream or both; (b) contacting at least one of the bottom and top streams with a water stream so as to extract at least a major portion of the alcohol therefrom, thereby forming an water/alcohol stream; (c) contacting the water/alcohol stream with a hydrocarbon stream so as to extract at least a major portion of the alcohol present in the water/alcohol stream into the hydrocarbon stream, thereby forming an alcohol-enriched hydrocarbon stream; and (d) feeding the alcohol-enriched hydrocarbon stream into the dimerization reactor.