Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive material having superior bending property and superior bending resistant property and a method for manufacturing the same. This object is achieved by a conductive material comprising a substrate and a conductive portion formed within the substrate, wherein a change ratio in the electric resistance values before and after a bending resistant property test, in which the conductive portion is bent by 180 degrees and a load of 1 kg/cm2 is imposed on the bent portion for one hour, is set within a range of ±10%.

Abstract: This invention provides a polishing apparatus using a polishing material freely varying its shape in a tri-dimensional space in accordance with the shape of a work, and capable of polishing a narrow, recessed surface inaccessible to human hands or a tool, and a polishing method used therefor.

Abstract: The use of an electro-sensitive movable fluid, that is, a micromotor, a linear motor, a micropump and a method of using the micropump, a microactuator, and an apparatus which these devices are applied to, and a method and apparatus of controlling flow properties of a fluid.

Abstract: Provided is a method for creating fluid motion of an electro-sensitive movable fluid upon application of direct-current-voltage between two electrodes adjacent the fluid, the fluid having a conductivity &sgr;, and a viscosity &eegr; located inside a triangle in a graph showing a relation between a conductivity &sgr; plotted as abscissa, and a viscosity &eegr;, plotted as ordinate, of a fluid at the working temperature, said triangle having, as vertices, a point P indicated by the conductivity &sgr;=4×10−10 S/m and the viscosity &eegr;=1×100 Pa·s, a point Q indicated by the conductivity &sgr;=4×10−10 S/m and the viscosity &eegr;=1×10−4 Pa·s, and a point R indicated by the conductivity &sgr;=5×10−6 S/m and the viscosity &eegr;=1×10−4 Pa·s.

Abstract: The even system electricity induction operation medium of this invention has 3 halogen atoms, especially fluorine atom into a/the molecule at least it is the even system electricity induction operation medium including one kind of liquid state organic compound at least. A even system electricity induction operation medium about-the electric conduction rate under the operation environment temperature are the electricity induction operation medium that, is in the range of 4×10−10˜5×10−6S/m and the surface tension of the even system electricity induction operation medium under the operation environment temperature are 22 dyn/cm following. This even system electricity induction operation medium is difficult combustion or noninflammable nature. This even system electricity induction operation medium is difficult combustion or noninflammable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a use of an electro-sensitive movable fluid, that is, a micromotor, a linear motor, a micropump and a method of using the micropump, a microactuator, and an apparatus which these devices are applied to, and a method and an apparatus of controlling flow properties of a fluid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a use of an electro-sensitive movable fluid, that is, a micromotor, a linear motor, a micropump and a method of using the micropump, a microactuator, and an apparatus which these devices are applied to, and a method and an apparatus of controlling flow properties of a fluid.

Abstract: Provided is an electro-sensitive movable fluid composition which is comprised of a compound or a mixture of compounds which, at the working temperature of the fluid, has a conductivity .sigma., plotted as abscissa, and a viscosity .eta., plotted as ordinate, the triangle having, as vertexes, a point P indicated by the conductivity .sigma.=4.times.10.sup.-10 S/m and the viscosity .eta.=1.times.10.sup.0 Pa.S, a point Q indicated by the conductivity .sigma.=4.times.10.sup.-10 S/m and the viscosity n=1.times.10.sup.-4 Pa.S, and a point R indicated by the conductivity .sigma.=5.times.10.sup.-6 S/m and the viscosity .eta.=1.times.10.sup.-4 Pa.S. Also provided is a method for driving a rotor by producing a jet flow of the electro-sensitive movable fluid upon application of direct-current-voltage between two electrodes immersed in the fluid.