Abstract: There are provided an ultraviolet-cutoff material comprising a material, capable of cutting off ultraviolet light, coated with a clay mineral, and a process for preparing an ultraviolet-cutoff material, comprising the steps of dispersing a clay mineral in a medium, dispersing a material capable of cutting off ultraviolet light in a medium, mixing the two dispersion liquids prepared in the steps a) and b) together to coat the material capable of cutting off ultraviolet light with the mixture, subjecting the mixture to solid-liquid separation and heating the solid matter provided in the step d).

Abstract: A monomer having cationic groups and a monomer having anionic groups are introduced into polymeric substrates such as fibers, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics and membranous materials through radiation-initiated graft polymerization, thereby producing polymeric electrolyte complexes that have good physical properties and which can be formed into shapes that suit specific uses. Also disclosed is a process according to which hydrophilic groups and/or ion-exchange groups are introduced into polymeric substrates such as fibers, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics and membranous materials through radiation-initiated graft polymerization. To introduce hydrophilic groups and/or ion-exchange groups, two or more monomers are used as selected from among hydrophilic monomers, monomers having cation-exchange groups (e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and styrenesulfonic acid salt), and monomers having anion-exchange groups (e.g. vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium salt and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate).

Abstract: Dialkylnaphthalenes, especially 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene can be prepared with good yield for a long time by reacting naphthalene and/or monoalkylnaphthalenes with C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefin in the presence of silica-alumina catalyst containing 0.1-15 weight percent of fluorine under suitable conditions.

Abstract: An activated alumina catalyst containing alkali metal, sulfur, iron and silicon in an amount of 0.05 wt. % or less respectively, calculated as Na.sub.2 O, SO.sub.3, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 and having a purity of 99.6 wt. % or more exhibits superior activity and selectivity when used in the dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethylene. By adding to the above mentioned high purity activated alumina catalyst a phosphate of one member selected from the metals of Group IIa, Group IIb, Group IIIa and Group IVb of the Periodic Table in an amount of from 0.05 to 5 wt. % of said catalyst there can be obtained a catalyst having more improved activity and selectivity as well as more increased mechanical strength.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a methane-containing gas, which comprises introducing a hydrocarbon feed material containing hydrocarbons having at least 2 carbon atoms per molecule and steam preheated to a temperature in the range of 250.degree.-600.degree. C into a steam reforming reactor (or reactors) packed with a nickel-containing catalyst comprising nickel and magnesia and further containing a copper-chromium mixture in the form of oxide or a copper-chromium-manganese mixture in the form of oxide and effecting steam reforming reaction of said hydrocarbons while maintaining the temperature of the catalyst bed of said reactor(s) in the range of 300.degree. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a methane-containing gas, which comprises introducing a feed hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms per molecule and steam preheated at a temperature in the range of 250.degree. - 600.degree. C into a steam reforming reactor (or reactors) packed with a nickel-containing catalyst which has been prepared so that a solid solution consisting of a nickel oxide and magnesia is contained therein and further a copper-chromium oxide or a copper-chromium-manganese oxide is contained therein and effecting steam reforming reaction of said hydrocarbons while maintaining the temperature of the catalyst bed of said reactor(s) in the range of 300.degree. - 600.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a methane-containing gas, which comprises introducing a hydrocarbon feed material containing hydrocarbons having at least 2 carbon atoms per molecule and steam preheated to a temperature in the range of 250.degree. to 600.degree. C into a steam reforming reactor (or reactors) packed with a catalyst comprising a nickel component and a magnesia component supported on a carrier, and effecting a steam reforming reaction of said hydrocarbons while maintaining the temperature of the catalyst bed of said reactor(s) in the range of 300.degree. to 600.degree. C.