Abstract: Spray drying is performed at increased pressure whereby advantages are obtained as to product characteristics and production capacity. Particulate materials of an amorphous structure and non-dusting high-bulk density powders can be obtained.

Abstract: In a process and an apparatus (1) for spray drying or spray cooling of the so-called Filtermat.RTM. type, a more uniform product layer (7) is achieved by collecting and/or treating the product on a screen means (8, 14, 19) providing a pressure difference being at least 1.5, preferably from 1.5 to 30 and particularly from about 2 to about 20 times that provided by the product layer, when collected.

Abstract: A filter unit (1) has a plurality of filter elements (7) extending from a plate (6, 32) which divides the unit into a lower inlet side (9) for gas carrying product and an upper outlet side (8) for filtered clean gas. A cleaning-in-place of the filter elements is performed by supplying cleaning liquid in a sequence of several separate liquid pulses which are mixed with the pressurized gas pulses. The ejection of the individual pulse of pressurized gas is initiated at the earliest simultaneously with or after initiation of ejection of the corresponding pulse of cleaning liquid.

Abstract: The liquid to be atomized is uniformly sprayed on the inner surface of a hollow rotating cylinder, for example by means of one- or two-fluid-nozzles and is thus distributed on bores provided in the cylinder wall. The rotation of the cylinder causes the liquid to flow outwards through the bores. Droplets are generated when the liquid flows out of the bores by laminary decomposition of the jet. The flow rate in each bore lies in the range 1.0<V.sub.B (a.sup.3 .rho..sup.5 /.sigma..sup.5).sup.0.25 <16 to prevent the droplets from becoming too large and to satisfy the condition of an adequate flow laminarity, i.e. for the value of the Reynolds number for the continuous liquid flow in the boress not to exceed Re.sub..delta. 400. V.sub.B represents the flow rate of the liquid in each bore, a represents the centrifugal acceleration at the outer surface of the cylinder, .rho. represents the density of the liquid and .delta. indicates the surface tension of the liquid.

Abstract: In fluidized spray drying of a feedstock to produce an agglomerate product by means of at least one spraying device (7) arranged in the upper part (2) of a vertically disposed drying chamber (1), in a lower part of which a fluid-bed is accommodated, a drying gas introduced into a processing zone (16) of the chamber (1) is exhausted through an integrated arrangement of filter elements (11) in the upper chamber part (2) to retain and allow agglomeration of the particles carried by the flow of drying gas on the filter elements (11).By intermittent supply of reverse flow gas pulses to the filter elements (11) the retained particles are released and returned to agglomeration zones (16, 17).The drying gas is introduced at a rate producing at the filter walls (13) a flow rate amounting to at least 150 cubic meters per hour per square meter of filter wall surface.

Abstract: A bed plate for a fluid bed apparatus comprises a great plurality of bulges or dents each having at least one through-going gas flow opening defined therein. Conventional bed plates having openings of the gill type inevitably comprises small cracks or notches formed in the edge portion defining each of the gas flow openings. According to the invention the gas flow openings are formed in the bulges or dents in a manner so as to exclude the formation of such notches in the edge portion. This may, for example, be done by forming such openings with crack free edges prior to or after the formation of the bulges or dents. Thus, the openings may be formed by punching, drilling, laser cutting or the like. Each of the gas flow openings is directed in relation to the plane of the bed plate so as to cause a flow of gas, which is passed through the opening, to contact an adjacent part of the bed plate, which interconnects the bulges or dents.

Abstract: A process for continuously producing coated particles, and in particular, particles in which the coating is uniform, contiguous and of minimal thickness is described, together with an apparatus for conducting the coating process in which a plurality of coating cells connected in series are provided wherein the particles are pneumatically conveys during the coating application and in which controlled recirculation of particles occurs within each cell and a controlled spray is applied to the particles in order to produce a substantially uniform distribution of coating.

Abstract: In an apparatus for drying a moist material in a stream of drying gas the residence time is increased by inserting one or more perforated plates, above which fluidized particle layers are created, and through which a portion of the drying gas and material to be dried are passed, whereas the remaining part of the drying gas and material is by-passed said perforated plates. Improved drying capacity, heat economy and operational flexibility and decreased risk for heat damage of the material to be dried are obtained.

Abstract: A compacting granulator for continuous, compacting granulation comprises a substantially horizontal rotatable drum, through which an eccentric shaft extends, which carries compacting means which partly transfer substantial amounts of energy to the granulate possible for attainment of a high degree of compacting, partly hurl up the material under treatment, so that the material, while hurled up, is brought in intimate contact with a treatment liquid sprayed through the nozzle. A stationary scraper as well as nozzles with individual feed supply ensures great flexibility and a reliable operation.

Abstract: A process for continuously producing coated particles, and in particular, particles in which the coating is uniform, contiguous and of minimal thickness is described, together with an apparatus for conducting the coating process in which a plurality of coating cells connected in series are provided wherein the particles are pneumatically conveyed during the coating application and in which controlled recirculation of particles occurs within each cell and a controlled spray is applied to the particles in order to produce a substantially uniform distribution of coating.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of improving the Hg removing capability of flue gas purification processes for coal-fired power plant flue gases using spray drying absorption systems. By adjusting the chloride content of the flue gas or the absorbent a permanent high Hg removal is achieved.

Abstract: A fluid bed dryer comprises a bed plate (12) defining openings or perforations (22) therein, means (16) for feeding a pulverulent or particulate product (P) to the bed plate (13), means (12, 14) for directing fluidizing gas flows upwardly through said openings or perforations (22) so as to fluidize the product fed thereto, and means (17, 19) for discharging product (p) from the bed plate (13). The bed plate (13) comprises at least one bed plate section, each of which is divided into elongated zones (32, 34-36) extending substantially between first and second positions of the plate section. First and/or second pluralities (22b22a) of the openings or perforations (22) are substantially uniformly distributed over the area of each of at least some (34-36) of said zones and are directed and shaped so as to impart to the fluidizing gas flows a flow component which is directed generally towards said first and second positions, respectively.

Abstract: A process for treating waste water produced in a cheesemaking operation. The process comprises treating a milk product so as to form a curd, subjecting the curd to an elevated temperature while in contact with water and separating the curd from a water-containing material including milk fats. The process further includes subjecting the water-containing material to microfiltration in a microfilter so as to produce a concentrate rich in the milk fats and a permeate, and recovering the concentrate and the permeate.

Abstract: Damp sodium bicarbonate filter cake is pre-dried and calcined to produce light soda as in a process comprising a carbon dioxide ebullated fluid bed pre-dryer working in connected series relationship with a plurality of carbon dioxide ebullated fluid bed/bag filter calcination systems such that bicarbonate decomposition during pre-drying is minimized and the thermal treatment of small particles during calcination is optimized.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying a moist particulate material having a non-uniform particle side with superheated steam includes a cylindrical part wherein a number of parallel, substantially vertical elongated chambers is located in ring form, one or more of the chambers having a closed bottom and the remaining chambers having a steam-permeable bottom, the adjacent chambers being interconnected, and an upper conical part which is also divided into chambers and which at a lower end is connected with the chambers of the cylindrical part of the apparatus, the chambers of the conical part of the apparatus being divided into smaller chambers by inclined guide plates, wherein at least part of each of the inclined guide plates in the conical part of the apparatus is hollow and can be heated by supplying superheated steam hereto.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for producing concentrated kaolin slurries and spray dried kaolin particulates through the use of an arrangement where an evaporation system for producing concentrated slurries is coupled with a spray dryer such that off gases from the spray dryer are used to supply heat energy to the spray dryer and to the evaporation system.

Abstract: A gas distributor and heating device for a spray dryer which includes a feed liquid atomizer in a drying chamber, a gas distributor for supplying a uniform flow of gas, a guide duct for conveying the flow of gas from the gas distributor and to an outlet providing a flow of processing or drying gas to contact liquid droplets dispersed by the atomizer. A gas heater is located in the device between the gas distributor and the guide duct outlet to heat the gas just prior to its introduction into the spray chamber. This provides a high temperature drying gas close to the atomizer and avoids problems encountered in attempting to transfer a gas that has been heated at a location remote from the spray chamber. A guide duct in the form of an annular guide duct provides an annular flow of heated gas concentric with the atomizer. A gas burner extends circumferentially around the interior of the guide duct and is disposed to emit the gases of combustion in the direction of the outlet.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for producing concentrated kaolin slurries and spray dried kaolin particulates through the use of an arrangement where a system for producing concentrated slurries is coupled with a spray dryer such that off gases from the spray dryer are used to supply heat energy to the spray dryer and to the slurry concentrating system.

Abstract: A rotor for spreading a particulate product into a fluid bed comprises a shaft or core member defining an axis of rotation. Peripherally spaced spreading members extend outwardly from the shaft or core member, and the radial extensions of peripherally adjacent spreading members are different viewed in transverse sections of the rotor. The spreading members may form vanes or wings extending axially along the shaft or core member, and the spacing of the free edge of each vane or wing from the axis of rotation may vary along the length of the rotor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat treating a particulate product including fluidizable as well as non-fluidizable particles. The particles are fed to a first perforated bed plate of a fluidized bed apparatus comprising at least one further stage formed by a second perforated bed plate. Heat treating gas is supplied upwardly to the first and second bed plates to fluidize the fluidizable particles thereon. The non-fluidizable particles are moved from the first bed plate into at least one discharge passage opening in the first bed plate. A flow of classifying gas is directed upwardly through the discharge passage to prevent fluidizable particles from leaving the fluidized bed through the discharge passage, while non-fluidizable particles are allowed to be discharged. The fluidizable particles are transferred from the first stage into the second stage for further treatment.