Abstract: An holding apparatus immobilizes a fish of a known and fixed orientation. The holding apparatus includes a vessel having a set of walls defining an interior chamber into which the fish and water can be located. The walls of the vessel have a restraining configuration and a non-restraining configuration. The walls of vessel, when in a restraining configuration, are at least partially conforming to a shape of a fish located within the interior chamber of the vessel.

Abstract: A device and method for volitionally orienting fish relies upon the instinctive reactions of fish in order to ensure that when the fish exit a containing vessel, they do so with a uniform anatomical orientation, such as head-first, dorsal-side-up. The containing vessel is partially filled with water and has at least one exit. A flow of water is generated away from the exit of the vessel, causing any fish that are introduced into the vessel to orient themselves head-first into the direction of the flow. In addition, an environment within the water of the vessel may be created that is disturbing to the fish, thereby causing the fish to want to exit the vessel. In order for the fish to exit the vessel, they must actively swim toward and through the exit opening.

Abstract: For the identification of macro-organisms, especially fish, visible implant tags having identification codes of fluorescent colorants are implanted into at least partially transparent tissue of the macro-organisms such that the visible implant tags are visible. The encoded information is obtained from the tags by measuring the spectrum of light emitted by the fluorescent colorants. The tagged fish need not be captured to read the tags. The information may be obtained through a significant depth of medium and also independently of the size of the tag or its orientation. Florescent dyes or, more preferably, fluorescent pigments may be used for the identification codes.

Abstract: An undersea probe which can be attached to marine animals for collecting data as to light intensity and temperature in regions where the marine animals travel. The probe is essentially omnidirectional in its light acceptance capability so that light intensity measurements will not be dependent upon any particular orientation of the probe. The probe includes a central optical fiber containing a fluorescent dye enclosed in a transparent or translucent, protective and fouling-resistant sheath. The optical fiber is provided at its outer end with a fiber terminator which blocks entry of light into the end of the fiber. At its opposite inner end, the fiber is coupled to a light detector in a housing which may be implanted in the marine animal. The optical fiber exhibits radial changes in its refractive index to trap light which approaches the surface of the fiber from inside and which makes a small enough angle with that surface. Such light is propagated along the fiber to the light detector.

Abstract: An apparatus detects a magnetic tag implanted in an organism as detector is moved past the organism by detecting a magnetic field difference between two positions. Prior to examination of a specimen under test, the outputs of a plurality of loops detecting magnetic fields are balanced in a uniform magnetic field. As a consequence, when one of the coils is exposed to a different magnetic field than the other of the coils this difference is detected and an alarm is sounded to indicate that the magnetic tag has been detected.

Abstract: In a method for tagging members of a large group of macro-organisms so that each macro-organism is assigned to a respective subgroup, successive segments of wire are cut from a continuous length of wire. During implantation, a tag is ejected and stored to define the beginning of a set of successive tags corresponding to a subgroup of macro-organisms. The tags of that subgroup are then severed from the length of wire and implanted into respective members of the particular subgroup. Subsequently, another tag is severed from the wire and stored to mark the end of the subgroup. Upon capture of a member of a subgroup, the tag is excised, the respective multidigit code is read and compared with the multidigit codes of the stored tags to determine to which subgroup the captured macro-organism belongs.

Abstract: A fishing net includes a cord having a multiplicity of strands including an identification strand marked at spaced intervals with sequential numerical codes. The preselected strand is substantially inextricably incorporated in the cord so that the preselected strand extends along the length thereof. The cord is in turn incorporated in the net so that the cord extends substantially from one end of the net to an opposite thereof. The cord has ends located at readily accessible preselected points relative to the net so that a smallest numerical code and a largest numerical code on the cord are easily determinable upon visual inspection of the net.

Abstract: In a method for tagging members of a large homogenous group of macro-organisms so that each macro-organism is assigned to a respective one of a plurality of statistically equivalent subgroups, successive segments of wire are cut from a continuous length of wire indelibly marked along the length thereof with a plurality of identification codes at least equal in number to the members of the large homogenous group to be tagged. Each identification code includes a plurality of longitudinally extending multidigit binary words and a circumferentially extending multidigit binary word. The circumferentially extending binary word in any identification code has one of a plurality of different values, each of the values occurring in a number of the identification codes substantially equal to the total number of macro-organisms divided by the number of the subgroups.

Abstract: In the identification of fish, tags having on at least one side visually detectable markings encoding information pertaining to a fish are shallowly implanted within transparent or semi-transparent tissues of respective specimens. Upon release and subsequent capture of the fish specimens, the locations of the tags are optically determined by a visual inspection of the fish. The information is retrieved from the tags by either reading the information from the implanted tags through the transparent or semi-transparent tissue or excising the tags and thereupon reading the information. In either case, the specimens are not significantly harmed or injured by virtue of the implantation and reading operations. The implanted tags also have a minimum effect on survival and other biological traits and behavior.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for magnetizing an identification tag prior to insertion thereof into a host macro-organism, the tag is provided with a magnetic field having an orientation opposed to the magnetic field of an injection wire from which the tag has been cut. The tag and the leading end of the wire repel one another and facilitate implantation of the tag into the macro-organism by preventing withdrawal of the tag with the wire upon termination of an injection operation.