Abstract: Process for stainless steel pickling consisting in placing the material to be treated in a bath kept at a temperature ranging from 30.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. and containing:a) HClb) Fe.sup.3+c) HFd) emulsifiers, wetting agents, polishing agents, acid attack inhibitors;the bath being fed continuously with:an air flow equal to at least 3 m.sup.3 /h per m.sup.3 bath min. and an oxidizer quantity adjusted to the bath redox potential to be kept at 250 mV min.
Abstract: Process for stainless steel pickling consisting in placing the material to be treated in a bath kept at a temperature ranging from 30.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. and containing:a) H.sub.2 SO.sub.4b) Fe.sup.3+c) HFd) emulsifiers, wetting agents, polishing agents, acid attack inhibitors;the bath being kept under agitation with:an air flow and continuously fed with a quantity of oxidizing agent adjusted to the bath redox potential to be kept at 250 mV min.
Abstract: An acid aqueous solution useful for phosphating metal surfaces and a phosphating process using same; said solution, which is characterized by its containing hydroxylamine phosphate as accelerator and a cationic surfactant can be applied to metal surfaces based on iron, zinc, aluminium and alloys thereof, and is specifically suitable for preventing the formation of white spots.
Abstract: An acid aqueous solution useful for phosphating metal surfaces and a phosphating process using same; said solution, which is characterized by its containing hydroxylamine phosphate as accelerator and a cationic surfactant, preferably a quaternary ammonic surfactant, can be applied to metal surfaces based on iron, zinc, aluminium and alloys thereof, and is specifically suitable for preventing the formation of white spots.