Abstract: A substrate having a built-in semiconductor apparatus includes: a semiconductor apparatus which comprises a first semiconductor chip having a first electrode pad formed on a main surface thereof, a protruding portion which is in contact with the first semiconductor chip and protrudes from a side surface of the first semiconductor chip to the outside, an apparatus wiring portion which is provided so as to extend from the first electrode pad onto a surface of the protruding portion, a conductive portion which is in connected with the apparatus wiring portion and provided on the apparatus wiring portion, and a sealing layer which covers the main surface and the surface of the protruding portion so as to expose a top face of the conductive portion; an insulating layer in which the semiconductor apparatus is embedded; an external terminal provided on the insulating layer; and a substrate wiring portion which electrically connects the conductive portion with the external terminal.

Abstract: A semiconductor element has an upper wiring layer and a lower wiring layer. The upper and lower wiring layers communicate with each other via a via-hole. The via-hole is filled with W. Before W is filled in the via-hole by a CVD process to connect the lower wiring layer to the upper wiring layer, a cleaning gas is supplied into the via-hole to remove particular substances, which would otherwise result in high resistance. Subsequent to the cleaning step, the W portion is formed in the via-hole. Since the high resistance substances are removed from the via-hole before the formation of the W portion, the semiconductor element (or the via-hole) has a low resistance and high reliability.

Abstract: A data compressing apparatus outputs character data and a pointer as intermediate data from input data. When a character string as a target of a command coincides with a character string as a target of the character data and a character string that is instructed by the pointer or by a combination thereof, a substituting means outputs a command in place of the character data or the pointer and outputs output data including the character data, the pointer, and the command. Accordingly, a data compressing apparatus is realized which can make free compression such that information or the like other than the character string is embedded.

Abstract: In order to reduce the degree to which transmission loss occurs at the branching portion in a Y-branch structure provided at an optical integrated circuit device, the Y-branch structure through which a light signal input through an input waveguide is branched and transmitted into two output waveguides adopts the following features. The Y-branch structure is provided with a tapered waveguide having an input surface with a waveguide width a equal to the width of the input waveguide which is connected flush to the input waveguide and an output surface having a waveguide width W (>2a+g) is larger than a width 2a+g achieved by adding a width g of the gap between the output waveguides to a width 2a equal to the total of the widths of the two output waveguides each having a waveguide width a equal to the width of the input waveguide, which is connected with the two output waveguides via a stage.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an optical fiber amplifier is provided, including: an erbium-doped fiber to which a multiplexed optical signal into which a plurality of optical signals in a long-wavelength band are multiplexed is supplied and which performs amplification in the long-wavelength band; a forward-pumping light source for supplying forward-pumping light to the erbium-doped optical fiber; a backward-pumping light source for supplying backward-pumping light to the erbium-doped optical fiber, the backward-pumping light source having an output power variable based on a control signal; an input-power detector for detecting an input power of the multiplexed optical signal input to the erbium-doped fiber; a temperature detector for detecting a temperature of the erbium-doped fiber; and a control circuit for outputting the control signal based on the input power detected by the input-power detector and the temperature detected by the temperature detector, the control signal changing the output power o

Abstract: An optical pickup emits a light beam onto a recording medium and outputs, in response to a reflection from the medium, a first and a second signal for controlling focusing servo control and tracking servo control, respectively. A signal generating section generates a focus error signal and a tracking error signal in response to the first and second signals, respectively. A driving section is responsive to the output of the signal generating section for outputting a first and a second drive current assigned to focusing and tracking, respectively. An actuator moves the pickup in a focusing direction and a tracking direction by the first and second drive currents, respectively. An adjusting section detects two values close to the maximum and minimum values of the tracking error signal at the start of the focusing servo control and adjusts the gain of the second signal on the basis of a difference between the detected values.

Abstract: Print data constructed of character data and so forth is developed into image data made of a dot matrix by a developing portion. Each band of the image data is stored in a raster buffer RAM. Each band of the image data is output and thereby an electrostatic latent image is formed on the printing drum. The developing portion provides data equivalent to a developing time for each band in advance. The developing time of each band is stored in a band management memory. A maximum developing time is obtained in accordance with the data stored in the band management memory. A rotating speed of the printing drum is obtained in accordance with the maximum time. The rotating time of the printing drum is optimized. Thus, the laser printer can prevent print data from being lost on a paper.

Abstract: A method of automatically inserting a printing paper in a hopper of an automatic paper feeder or a manual insertion printing paper inserted from a manual paper input slot. Upon receiving an instruction to insert a printing paper by a printer, a platen is first rotated. Thereupon, provided the presence of the printing paper is detected by a sensor even with the platen being rotated by a prescribed amount, a paper feed motor of the automatic paper feeder is rotated for obtaining a printing paper from the hopper. While, provided the presence of a printing paper is detected before the platen is rotated by the prescribed amount, the paper feed motor is not rotated, it being assumed that the manual insertion of a printing paper has been already performed. After detected the presence of the printing paper, the platen is rotated by a prescribed amount to cause the printing paper to be moved to a position where a first line of the printing paper faces the face of the printing head.

Abstract: An improved bipolar semiconductor integrated circuit device which has a reduced base resistance and a reduced parasitic capacitance can be provided with a small number of manufacturing steps.A two-layered film composed of both a thin oxide film and a nitride film is formed on the surface of an impurity doped layer of a first conductivity type which is formed on a semiconductor substrate. A resist layer having an overhanging cross section is formed on a selected surface of the two-layered film. A high melting metal is deposited on the surface of the structure obtained by the above step in such manner that the metal does not cover the surface of the nitride film under the overhanging portion of the resist layer. The two-layered film under the overhanging portion of the resist layer is selectively removed to expose the surface of the impurity doped layer.