Abstract: An ultrasonic surgical system enables connection of a hand switch as well as a foot switch, which is used to operate a driving signal generator, without the necessity of retrofitting a main unit including the driving signal generator used to drive an ultrasonic transducer incorporated in a connected handpiece. An extension unit is included for connecting the foot switch and hand switch to the main unit. The foot switch and hand switch are connected to the main unit via the extension unit.

Abstract: An ultrasonic surgical system enables connection of a hand switch as well as a foot switch, which is used to operate a driving signal generator, without the necessity of retrofitting a main unit including the driving signal generator used to drive an ultrasonic transducer incorporated in a connected handpiece. An extension unit is included for connecting the foot switch and hand switch to the main unit. The foot switch and hand switch are connected to the main unit via the extension unit.

Abstract: A photographic lens unit having a stepping motor to drive a cam ring that has a cam portion for driving a counter-cam portion of a lens frame for automatic focus of photographic lenses, and projections for driving a diaphragm. The cam ring is rotated for moving the counter-cam portion in an optical-axis direction with the counter-cam portion in contact with the cam portion. Automatic focus of the photographic lenses and photometry are carried out. Thereafter, the cam ring is further rotated so that the projection can bring the diaphragm to an aperture-narrowing state. The cam ring is then rotated reversely for moving the photographic lenses to an automatic focus position. Photographic operations are then carried out. After photography is completed, the diaphragm is reset by moving the counter-cam portion. The photographic lens unit is thus brought to a ready state for subsequent photography.

Abstract: A single lens reflex camera includes a pair of vibration-type gyros as camera shake detecting sensors which are arranged on a pair of roof planes of a pentagonal prism forming a finder optical system. The detecting directions of the vibration-type gyros are different from the directions of the short side and the long side of a film plane, so that the vibration-type gyros can be arranged at a high degree of freedom and the size of the camera can be reduced.

Abstract: A microscope optical system having an objective lens, an observing direction converting prism bending a beam of light from the objective lens in a predetermined direction, and an eyepiece for observing an image formed by the beam of light bent in the predetermined direction comprises a first prism having the same bottom angle as the observing direction converting prism, replaceable with respect to the observing direction converting prism, a loop optical path comprised of an odd number of reflecting members for conducting the light beam transmitted by the first prism in the predetermined direction, and a photographic lens provided in the loop optical path. Thus, the microscope optical system has important advantages in practical use that where image recordings are made in photography and video, the field range and the position of a photographic image can be observed as they are through the eyepiece, magnification is variable without rendering the lens barrel large, and the structure is simple with low cost.

Abstract: A scanning tunnel microscope includes a piezo-actuator movable in a direction Z perpendicular to the surface of a sample and provided with a scanning probe projected downward from the bottom thereof. The scanning probe is moved in the direction Z by the piezo-actuator. The piezo-actuator includes a position measuring probe projected therefrom, parallel to the surface of the sample, from the lower end of one side thereof. A reference sample having concaves formed on a surface thereof at predetermined intervals is fixed to the piezo-actuator. When the scanning probe is moved in the direction Z, the position measuring probe is moved along the reference sample, so that tunnel current having a waveform which reproduces the shape of the concaved surface of the reference sample is detected. Thus, the moving distance of the scanning probe can be obtained from the waveform of tunnel current detected.

Abstract: An assembly for accessing information recording tracks of an information storage medium comprises a transducer for recording and/or reproducing information; a transducer support carriage for advancing the transducer; a driving force generator for producing a driving force to shift the carriage; and motion converting means for converting an input motion from the driving force generating means to an output motion to be transmitted to the carriage. The motion converting means includes a cam with a spiraling peripheral surface having a plurality of fine step pitch shifting regions for precise tracking control and at least one rough pitch shifting region for shifting the transducer quickly from track to track on the recording medium.

Abstract: A retrofocus-type objective for endoscopes comprising a front diverging lens group and rear converging lens group and arranged to be focused by keeping the front diverging lens group fixed and moving the rear converging lens group toward the front diverging lens group.