Abstract: A molded article of fluorine-containing polymer, especially of polytetrafluoroethylene, with increased water-repellency, and a jig for holding articles to be washed during washing processes using an aqueous washing medium. The molded article with superior water-repellency can be obtained by a treatment of the surface of fluorine-containing polymer with a fluorine-containing gas after roughening of the surface. The water-repellent jig made of the surface treated polytetrafluoroethylene is suited for use as a carrier for washing semi-conductor wafers and glass plates or guide rolls of a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A powder flow rate is measured based on a simple construction so as to provide method and apparatus for measuring the powder flow rate for example of a powder coating material, requiring less maintenance cost and facilitating change of color of the coating material. In the method for measuring powder flow rate: a density .rho.1 of the powder within a tank is measured; the powder is drawn out from the tank into a conveying tube; a detecting fluid is blown at a flow rate Qf into the conveying tube a density .rho.2 of the powder in the conveying tube is measured; and a powder flow rate Fm is measured based on an equation of Fm=Qf.multidot..rho.1.multidot..rho.2/(.rho.1-.rho.2). The density .rho.1 of the powder in the tank may be measured by providing a pair of pressure measuring devices at different heights within the tank. The density .rho.

Abstract: N-fluoropyridinium salts of the following formula are prepared by reacting a pyridine compound with a Br nsted acid and fluorine, wherein the reaction solvent contains a greater than equimolar amount of the pyridine compound relative to an amount of the Br nsted acid. ##STR1## The method can produce N-fluoropyridinium salts with a high yield.

Abstract: A molding of calcium silicate having high strength, which is similar to a natural timber, wherein tobermorite, C--S--H (Calcium Silicate hydrate) and quartz are mixed, and glass fiber and pulp are added, respectively, and a Ti/Qi peak ratio of which is powder X-ray diffracted is 0.1 to 1.0, and an absolute bulk density of the molding is 0.3 to 0.7 g/cc.

Abstract: Medical or dental hardening compositions of the present invention comprise calcium phosphate type devitrification glass-ceramics powder containing apatite and/or calcium phosphate ceramics and a liquid component. The second medical or dental hardening compositions of the present invention comprise strontium phosphate type devitrification glass-ceramics powder containing strontium-apatite crystals and/or calcium strontium phosphate ceramics, or calcium strontium phosphate type devitrification glass-ceramics powder and a liquid component.

Abstract: Commercially available fly ash is prepared and charged in a vessel. A halogen gas is supplied to the vessel and is brought into contact with the fly ash in the vessel.

Abstract: A plasma gas is injected from a vortex flow forming hole defined to an insulator in a tangential direction with respect to the circumference of the arc column of a torch to enable the axis of the arc column to be aligned with the axial of the torch and a vortex annular gas sheath is coaxially formed to thereby narrow down a plasma flame. Further, the torch comprises the above insulator and a casing which are connected in series each other.

Abstract: A combination of a dehydration process for dehydrating sewage sludge by mixing a quicklime-containing material with the sludge, a cement conversion process for introducing the solids produced by the dehydration process into a cement kiln with other cement raw materials to yield cement, and a gas treatment process for introducing gases generated in the dehydration process into a cement burning process, thereby enabling conversion of the sewage sludge into cement without releasing wastes, with a reduction in fuel consumption for the cement burning, and a reduction in NOx content of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A kinetofrictional force testing apparatus has a spindle rotated by a variable speed motor. A load cell is disposed in opposition to a disk coupled to the spindle and includes a test head for the disk, a rotational frequency controlling synthesizer, and a personal computer for general control. The rotational speed of the motor is varied on the basis of clock pulses from the rotational frequency controlling synthesizer associated with the personal computer. The rotational frequency and rotational acceleration/deceleration of the disk coupled to the spindle are digitally controlled by a predetermined program set in the personal computer. The test head is supported by a leaf spring having strain gauges mounted on its lateral surfaces. Frictional forces are measured by the output of the strain gauges.

Abstract: After a clinker sintered in a kiln is fluidized and mixed in a fluidized mixing and cooling zone provided before a grate cooling zone, the clinker is supplied to the following grate cooling zone and is cooled therein. The cooling air for fluidizing, mixing and cooling the clinker is supplied by successively switching and controlling the injection of the high pressure cooling air from the rows of the high pressure nozzles at the side walls towards the central rows in the fluidized mixing and cooling zone.

Abstract: A cyclone comprising a swirl cylinder, an inner tube disposed in the upper section of the swirl cylinder, an inlet duct arranged tangentially to the outer periphery of the swirl cylinder, a drop opening formed in the lower section of the swirl cylinder, and a straightening instrument disposed in a space directly below the inner tube. The straightening instrument includes a conical member coaxial with the inner tube and guide plates arranged along a conical surface at the outer periphery of the conical member. A lower section of each of the guide plates is curved to encounter the turn tangential velocity components of a circumferential spiral stream smoothly into axial velocities alone, and unnecessary vortices which are not required for separation of particles and which cause energy loss are eliminated.

Abstract: This invention provides a hot forming mold made of xonotlite group materials such as xonotlite, or wollastonite made therefrom which are known as a heat-resisting materials. By hot pressing these materials to high bulk density e.g., 0.6 to 2.20, a mold suitable for use in hot forming, having increased bending strength and hardness can be efficiently made. Such molds are made by filter pressing an aqueous slurry of xonotlite, then drying the pressed product to remove moisture at a temperature less than about 700.degree. C., and then cutting out the mold for use in molding plastic, glass and the like. By heat treating this mold product at a temperature of about 700.degree. to 1200.degree. C. the mold so produced can be subjected to machining and can be used as a mold for superplastic forming aluminum, titanium and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cement setting accelerator comprising 100 parts by weight of a sintered body, 5 to 70 parts by weight of an alkali metal carbonate powder and at most 170 parts by weight of a lime powder and a method of manufacturing the same. The sintered body contains a predetermined ratio of 3CaO.2Na.sub.2 O.5Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and Na.sub.2 O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. Alternatively, a predetermined ratio of 3CaO.2Na.sub.2 O.5Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and 4CaO.3Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.SO.sub.3 are contained in the sintered body. Further, a raw material mixture, which is not sintered and equal in the chemical composition to the sintered body noted above, may be used in place of the sintered body. Setting and hardening of a cement paste is markedly promoted by adding a small amount of the cement setting accelerator of the present invention to the cement paste.

Abstract: An oven for baking a powdered coating material to an object has an inlet air-shield chamber connected to the inlet side of a horizontal heating chamber. The inlet air-shield chamber is provided therein with a radiation heat source which heats the object and the layer of coating powder to a temperature substantially equal to the baking temperature before the object enters the horizontal heating chamber.

Abstract: A pneumatic classifier having a dispersion chamber with crushing function disposed between a material supply port and a classifying chamber so that the material is sufficiently crushed and dispersed before entering the classifying chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel thermal spray material in any one of the forms of a particle mixture material, a granule material, and an electric fused material of 2CaO.SiO.sub.2 and CaO.ZrO.sub.2. As 2CaO.SiO.sub.2, .gamma.-2CaO.SiO.sub.2 is used. The ratio of .gamma.-2CaO.SiO.sub.2 to CaO.ZrO.sub.2 is specified by weight %. This invention relates also to a thermal sprayed member formed by thermal spraying this thermal spray material on a thermal resistant substrate.

Abstract: A heat fixing roll for a copying machine includes an insulating layer formed on the surface of a hollow tube, a heating resistor layer formed on the surface of the insulating layer by uniformly thermal spray coating a resistor material, a screw-like heating resistor formed by forming a helical groove having a depth reaching the surface of the insulating layer by using a laser irradiation head connected to an electric resistance compensator, and an antisticking layer formed on the surface of the resistor and the groove by coating. The present invention also provides a method of producing the heat fixing roll and an electronic copying machine provided with the roll.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel thermal spray material in any one of the forms of a particle mixture material, a granule material, and an electric fused material of 2CaO.multidot.SiO.sub.2 and CaO.multidot.ZrO.sub.2. As 2CaO.multidot.O.multidot.SiO.sub.2, .gamma.-2CaO.multidot.SiO.sub.2 is used. The ratio of .gamma.-2CaO.multidot.SiO.sub.2 to CaO.multidot.ZrO.sub.2 is specified by weight %. This invention relates also to a thermal sprayed member formed by thermal spraying this thermal spray material on a thermal resistant substrate.

Abstract: A super-hard ceramic comprising 15-45% by weight of a mixture of titanium carbide and zirconium carbide at a ratio by weight of 1/0.05-1/0.40; 0.1-1.0% by weight of magnesium oxide; 0.05-0.5% by weight of lithium oxide; 0.2-1.0% by weight of neodymium oxide; and 52.5-84.65% by weight of alumina is disclosed. A process for preparing the super-hard ceramics is also disclosed. The super-hard ceramics of the present invention have high strength and high hardness as well as excellent toughness and resistance to chipping. Said ceramics can be used for cutting materials for which conventional alumina ceramics have been difficult to use, and are applicable to wear-resistant materials or electrical components which require high precision machining.

Abstract: A 2-halopyridine-6-sulfonic acid and its salt represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom, and M is a hydrogen atom or a metal atom. The compounds are useful as intermediates for producing fluorinating agents (reagents for introducing fluorine atoms).