Abstract: An apparatus for the repair of craniomaxillofacial bony defects is described comprising a biocompatible scaffolding with an insert segment positioned at the proximal surface of the bone defect and stabilized with support means, coupled with bone replacement material applied distal to the scaffolding insert segment and generally filling the defect. Most preferably, the bone replacement material is a low temperature-hardening, gradually resorbable hydroxyapatite forming cement. Also taught are surgical methods for the repair of craniomaxillofacial bony defects employing the inventive scaffolding and scaffolding/bone replacement material composite; and kits including the scaffolding and the bone replacement material and/or starting materials for their preparation.