Abstract: Novel electrolyte salts having high current carrying capability and which substantially prevent voltage delay in cells containing fluid depolarizers such as thionyl chloride (SOCl.sub.2). The salts contain an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation and a halo-gallate indate or thallate anion. The salts additionally preferably contain a chalcogen such as oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium therein.

Abstract: An hermetic glass-metal seal, for an electrochemical cell, having a metallic central feedthrough as a terminal thereof which is chemically incompatible with the components of said cell. The feedthrough is connected within said cell to a second compatible metallic element for electrical connection to an electrode within said cell. An inert polymeric material is sealed to the glass or outer metal member of the glass-metal seal and is sealed to and encloses the metallic feedthrough within said cell and the connection area between the feedthrough and said second metallic element.

Abstract: A battery case which expands to accommodate expansion of individual cells therein while maintaining structural integrity. The case comprises an open ended cell holder with a sleeve thereon covering the open end of said cell holder. The cell holder and the sleeve are adhered to each other by an elastomeric adhesive.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having a thin separator film such as grafted polypropylene thermally adhered, at limited sites, to a synthetic heat sealable electrolyte absorbent.

Abstract: The manufacture of solid state cells with smearable cathode materials subject to radial expansion during cell discharge is improved by the consolidation of such materials within a radially rigid non-flexible wall-retaining member which serves as a jig for the cathode during the fabrication of the cell, and which is thereafter retained in the cell structure to control such radial expansion.

Abstract: The manufacture of solid state cells with smearable cathode materials subject to radial expansion during cell discharge is improved by the consolidation of such materials within a radially rigid non-flexible wall-retaining member which serves as a jig for the cathode during the fabrication of the cell, and which is thereafter retained in the cell structure to control such radial expansion.

Abstract: A method for cooling high rate discharge primary batteries comprising absorbing the heat of reaction of the primary battery by a nonaqueous liquid depolarizer, circulating it, cooling it, and returning it to the primary battery, and a primary battery system including one or more primary batteries, a cooling means, and a fluid communication means between the primary battery and the cooling means.

Abstract: Hydrogen evolution in cells having zinc anodes is reduced or eliminated by incorporating in the cell a surfactant which is a complex phosphate ester of a surfactant of the ethylene oxide-adduct type. This surfactant is added in such a manner that, directly or upon wetting of the anode by the electrolyte, there is an adsorption of surfactant on the surface of the zinc anode material, whereby hydrogen evolution is inhibited. The surfactant is desirably present in the cell in an amount of from 0.001% to 5% by weight of the zinc component of the cell.

Abstract: An internal battery fuse comprising a portion of a current collector which is thermally shielded whereby excessive built-up heat resulting from a short circuit is concentrated in said portion and which heat fuses the shielded portion and interrupts the circuit prior to excessive internal pressure conditions.

Abstract: A connector for use in electrically connecting a battery, having substantially planar terminals on a wall thereof, to an electrical device. The connector comprises a housing partially containing conductive means which extend from the housing to contact the battery terminals and the electrical device. The connector further includes resilient gripping means on the housing which cooperatively engages holding means on the battery with a snap on connection.

Abstract: A wire-wound resistor has an adhesive applied to the wire and the insulative substrate upon which the wire is wound at a predetermined location. The wire is then cut or otherwise broken at that location to open-circuit the resistor. The adhesive holds the cut end of the wires in place on the substrate.

Abstract: Abuse resistant electrochemical cells having consumable fluid depolarizer/electrolyte solvents, active metal anodes and inactive conductive cathodes which are made resistant to abusive forced discharge or cell reversal conditions by maintaining excess portions of both the fluid depolarizer/electrolyte solvent with electrolyte and the active metal anode at the end of cell discharge. The remaining portion of the active metal is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell and substantially faces the entire surface of the originally adjacent inactive cathode. The remaining portion of the fluid depolarizer/electrolyte solvent is sufficient for maintaining electrical and thermal conductivity whereby heat concentration is prevented.

Abstract: A method for preventing thionyl chloride depolarizer cells from exploding by pressure relieving such cells at a low pressure.

Abstract: Fragmentation with electrical discontinuity in a consumable electrode of an electrochemical cell is minimized by preventing a portion of said electrode from reacting by means of a reaction barrier.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell containing a polyvalent film forming metal anode, a nucleophilic non-aqueous electrolyte solvent and a free radical forming carbon halide additive dissolved in said solvent.

Abstract: A battery with a female terminal having a jacket which prevents accidental short circuits and maintains resiliency of the terminal.

Abstract: Novel electrolyte salts having high current carrying capability for non-aqueous electrochemical cells particularly those containing fluid depolarizer/electrolyte solvents. The salts have the general formula M(ZX.sub.4).sub.n with "M" being an alkali or alkaline earth metal, "Z" being gallium, indium or thallium, "X" being a halogen and "n" being either 1 or 2.

Abstract: A metal-air battery usually comprises a plurality of air-depolarizable cells within a battery case. The present invention provides that the battery case has a vent and a vent cover, where the vent cover is associated with an electrical actuator so as to open only when the battery is supplying electrical power to a load. In this manner, the metal-air battery is open to the atmosphere only when it is operating, and consequently is open to the possibility of harsh ambient conditions such as very high or very low ambient relative humidity, prolonged carbon dioxide exposure, and so on; and as a consequence, a long operating life for the battery which operates only intermittently during that life can be expected.

Abstract: A high output smoke and heat detector alarm system comprises a high output audible alarm means which includes a piezoelectric transducer and a voltage doubling means in combination with an improved smoke and heat detector which includes a low voltage power supply source, an ambient temperature detecting means, at least one ionization sensing chamber, a voltage amplitude comparing means, and a low voltage sensing means.