Abstract: A method of applying liquid toner to a predetermined part (4,5) of an electrophotographic film (1) is disclosed. The film is supported at a predetermined distance from an electrode (25) having a toner supply orifice (7). A predetermined quantity of liquid toner (13) is delivered, preferably by a metering cylinder (10) and piston (19) disposed between two valves (9,11), to the orifice (7). The quantity is such that surface tension forces retain the liquid toner in the desired region (24).A method of processing an electrostatic image is also disclosed, as well as an assembly for applying liquid toner. The latter is preferably electrode (25) positioned in a recess in a support surface (3) for the film (1) to be processed.

Abstract: A coin discriminating apparatus comprises two coils on opposite sides of a path for coins, one coil being connected to a signal generator so as to give repetitive abrupt flux changes and a gating device being provided for short circuiting the other coil but removing the short circuit a predetermined time delay after each flux change. A circuit is responsive to the amplitude of a voltage pulse which is produced across said other coil in response to each removal of the short circuit to discriminate between coins. This apparatus may form the second test of a two-test coin discriminating apparatus, wherein the first test measures a phase displacement caused by the coin passing between another pair of coils and this measurement is used to set the time delay to one of selected values, according to the expected coin, so that the voltage pulse will be of a constant amplitude for valid coins.

Abstract: An electromagnetic machine (particularly an electric motor) based on the design described in British Patent Application No. 48794/74.Iron losses in this type of machine are reduced by laminating the rotor backing plate (2,4). Although a spiral lamination (FIG. 3) is preferred, an axial stack of insulated plates (FIG. 2) may be employed.Interpolar flux leakage is reduced by radially staggering the U-shaped pole pieces around the stator coil (FIG. 4). In addition or alternatively differently shaped pole pieces may be employed, alternately, around the stator assembly (FIG. 5).Eddy current losses are reduced by replacing the backing plates (2,4) and separate magnets (1,1a,3,3a) with plates (12,14) of sintered magnetic material, permanently magnetized to present alternate North and South poles, therearound.