Abstract: Absorbent panel structures that comprise a unitary pulp panel having a forward section and a rearward section, the rearward section comprising from about 20% to about 70% of the rearward panel length. One or more longitudinally elongated areas or grooves of reduced thickness and basis weight are formed in the panel. The rearward section preferably has a mean basis weight that is from about 30% to about 70% less than the mean basis weight of the forward section of the panel. The thickness of the elongated areas may be uniform along the length of the panel or may decrease along the panel length direction from the front edge to the rear edge. Superabsorbent particles may be uniformly dispersed throughout the panel or may be dispersed in longitudinal stripes that may or may not coincide with the elongated areas.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying tensioned elastic to material including a first conveyor for carrying material in one direction along a flow path, a second conveyor operable to draw elastic from a storage container, tension the elastic, and move the elastic longitudinally in a tensioned state along a region extending transversely of and spaced from the first conveyor flow path, and a pair of transfer grippers. The transfer grippers are movable along a path in the direction of the flow path and are positioned to grasp spaced regions of elastic held by the second conveyor. Cutters are positioned laterally outwardly of the grippers to sever elastic from the second conveyor after being grasped by the grippers. The grippers maintain the elastic in a tensioned condition and deposit on the material. Also disclosed is a method for applying tensioned elastic to material, generally as described above in relation to the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting synchronous, in-line placement of pads of material, such as a highly absorbent compressed composite laminate, includes a supply reel for supplying a continuous web of material. The web of material is guided to a pair of pull rolls which effect movement of the web at a first velocity V.sub.1. A cutting mechanism, preferably comprising cooperating knife and anvil rolls, cuts individual discrete pads of the material for presentation to an associated vacuum transfer drum. The vacuum transfer drum includes a peripheral surface operated at a second velocity V.sub.2 equal to or greater than the first velocity V.sub.1, with the velocity V.sub.2 equal to the linear speed of movement of an associated continuous substrate, such as comprising air laid comminuted wood pulp. The discrete pads of material are thereby transferred onto the substrate at a relative spacing S between adjacent ones of the discrete pads, which spacing equals L(V.sub.2 -V.sub.1)-L.

Abstract: A disposable absorbent garment, illustrated as a disposable diaper, includes a backsheet, an absorbent panel positioned on top of the backsheet, and a composite, three-component topsheet assembly positioned on top of the absorbent panel. The topsheet assembly includes a central portion generally overlying the absorbent panel, and a pair of side marginal portions joined to opposite side edges of the central portion. Each side marginal portion includes a plurality of segments, including an elasticized, standing gather segment for enhanced containment. The containment characteristics of the garment are further enhanced by joining the central portion of the topsheet assembly to each side marginal portion in spaced relationship to the associated backsheet of the garment.

Abstract: An absorbent structure in accordance with the present invention comprises a flexible shaped member having a raised peripheral rim to form a containment space for receiving body exudates. The shaped member comprises a first portion, and a second portion extending rearwardly from a rear end of the first portion. The first portion has along its side edges symmetrical indentations so that the first portion has a plan configuration including a generally rectangular front segment, and inwardly contoured side edges respectively extending rearwardly from the front segment in a diverging manner into the second portion. The second portion has a generally rectangular plan configuration wider than the first portion, so that the shaped member has a generally anvil-shaped, overall plan configuration. The absorbent structure further comprises absorbent material disposed in the first portion. The absorbent material is absent in the second portion to leave a void space therein for receiving fecal material.

Abstract: An absorbent article is disclosed comprising a liquid impermeable outer cover having a front section and a rear section, and an elongated absorbent element having a front end, a rear end and opposite side edges and including an absorbent material. The elongated absorbent element is supported at its front and rear ends on the outer cover in a suspended manner to extend longitudinally between the front and rear sections of the outer cover for spacing the opposite side edges from the outer cover. The elongated absorbent element further includes an elastic element so as to be elastically stretchable and contractable relative to the outer cover.

Abstract: A system for fabrication of absorbent articles includes a linear array of frame modules each having an open interior. Panels are mounted to one face of the modules. Article fabrication mechanisms are mounted to project from the panels. Operating means are disposed within the modules and are operatively engaged through the panels with the fabrication mechanisms. An operating and control system is provided for a machine in which disposable absorbent articles are fabricated. Continuously operating mechanisms are driven by electric motors for continuously operating on moving webs and other components of the article. A main drive shaft is rotated for transferring power through direction phasing mechanical power transfer devices to mechanisms which intermittently effect unity operations with respect to an associated moving web.

Abstract: An elastic band activation apparatus for activating a heat-sensitive thermal film attached to an edge of a body of an article to form an elastic band along the edge of the article. The apparatus has at least one chamber with a heating zone having a shrinkage atmosphere at a first temperature sufficiently elevated to activate the heat-sensitive thermal film to shrink the film to form the elastic band. The chamber may also have a cooling zone with a quench atmosphere at a second temperature which is less than the first temperature to arrest the shrinkage of the heat-sensitive thermal film. An article transporter transports the article through the heating zone and then through the cooling zone. The apparatus may also include two lateral compression bars for spreading apart first and second adjacent edges of an article when transported through the chamber to expose the article interior region to activate first and second heat-sensitive thermal films, thereby forming first and second elastic bands.

Abstract: A disposable absorbing garment having a liquid impervious back sheet with waist regions and a crotch region therebetween. An elongate waistband extends along the waist region of the back sheet, an absorbent pad overlies the crotch region of the back sheet with end edges at the pad spaced inwardly from the waistband, and a liquid pervious liner sheet overlies the pad with its end margins wrapped around the ends of the pad. A hydrophobic extension sheet extends between the pad and waistband, with a first portion overlying the waistband and a second portion between the pad and back sheet.

Abstract: A disposable absorbent garment includes a moisture impervious outer layer, a nonwoven moisture pervious inner layer, an absorbent layer sandwiched and encased between the inner and outer layers, with the sandwiched layers having opposed first and second waist edges and two opposed side margins. The garment further includes a fastener or closure system comprising a pair of gripping strips or extensions from each of the side margins along the second waist edge, each gripping strip having a plurality of first resiliently deformable connectors integrally formed therein. The fastener system further includes a pair of targets located on the outer layer along the first waist edge adjacent each side margin, each target having a plurality of second connectors integrally formed thereon which are adapted to engage the first connectors of the gripping strips. The first and second connectors comprise interlocking means of the fastener system and include a plurality of interlockable projections and receptacles.

Abstract: An elastic band activation apparatus for activating a heat-sensitive thermal film attached to an edge of a body of an article to form an elastic band along the edge of the article. The apparatus has at least one chamber with a heating zone having a shrinkage atmosphere at a first temperature sufficiently elevated to activate the heat-sensitive thermal film to shrink the film to form the elastic band. The chamber may also have a cooling zone with a quench atmosphere at a second temperature which is less than the first temperature to arrest the shrinkage of the heat-sensitive thermal film. An article transporter transports the article through the heating zone and then through the cooling zone. The apparatus may also include two lateral compression bars for spreading apart first and second adjacent edges of an article when transported through the chamber to expose the article interior region to activate first and second heat-sensitive thermal films, thereby forming first and second elastic bands.

Abstract: A disposable absorbent panel assembly including a fibrous absorbent panel and a liquid transfer layer. The fibrous absorbent panel includes front and rear end panel portions, and central panel section extending between the end panel portions. The central panel section has opposite side edge panel portions and a central panel portion positioned between the side edge panel portions. The end panel portions have a relatively lesser basis weight than the side edge central portions. The fibrous absorbent panel contains highly-sorbent superabsorbent material which is substantially confined to the central panel portion. The liquid transfer layer is positioned above the fibrous absorbent panel and extends longitudinally thereof at least along the length of the central panel portion. The liquid transfer layer promotes wicking and distribution of liquid within the absorbent panel assembly.

Abstract: An absorbent garment includes a moisture impervious outer layer, a nonwoven moisture pervious inner layer having an upper waste receiving surface, and an absorbent layer between said inner and outer layers, each of which layers extends between said front and back edges. The garment further includes a pair of overlay strips applied over the upper waste receiving surface with the opposite ends of the strips superimposed. Each overlay strip typically has one substantially straight longitudinal edge and one longitudinal edge with an inset central portion whereby the strips provide an opening to expose a target region in a central portion of the garment body. This superimposition of the strips also forms a pair of end caps for preventing fluid leakage at the garment body front edge and the garment body back edge. A stretchable material is positioned in a stretched condition along the longitudinal edges to urge the overlay strips into contact with the wearer's body.

Abstract: A disposable absorbent garment includes a moisture impervious outer layer, a nonwoven moisture pervious inner layer, an absorbent layer sandwiched and encased between the inner and outer layers, with the sandwiched layers having opposed first and second waist edges and two opposed side margins. The garment further includes a fastener or closure system comprising a pair of gripping strips or extensions from each of the side margins along the second waist edge, each gripping strip having a plurality of first resiliently deformable connectors integrally formed therein. The fastener system further includes a pair of targets located on the outer layer along the first waist edge adjacent each side margin, each target having a plurality of second connectors integrally formed thereon which are adapted to engage the first connectors of the gripping strips. The first and second connectors comprise interlocking means of the fastener system and include a plurality of interlockable projections and receptacles.

Abstract: An disposable absorbent article, such as a disposable diaper, includes an absorbent core interposed between a liquid permeable topsheet and a backsheet assembly. The backsheet assembly includes a central liquid impermeable layer and opposite side marginal portions comprising a nonwoven fabric. The liquid impermeable layer includes opposite side edges extending upwardly about respective opposite side edges of the absorbent core to form a pair of standing leg gathers. Each of the standing leg gathers further includes an upper element comprising hydrophobic nonwoven material joined to a respective one of the side edges of the liquid impermeable layer. An elastic means is operatively associated with an upper free edge portion of the respective upper element for elastically contracting each of the standing leg gather.