Abstract: In an electronically controlled injection device for the administering of one or more injections from an injection cartridge, the readying of the device for administrating and the subsequent administering therefrom are controlled by an electronic control unit. This control unit comprises a position or attitude sensor which transmits signals to the control unit such that said readying of the device optionally cannot take place unless the longitudinal axis of the injection cartridge is oriented in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to treatment of patients in need of increasing insulin sensitivity by administration of growth hormone or analogues thereof, preferably human growth hormone, in a low dose and the use of growth hormone or analogues thereof, preferably human growth hormone, for the manufacturing of a medicament useful for increasing insulin sensitivity in low dose therapy. The patient is preferably a normal subject, i.e. not growth hormone deficient patient and/or a non-obese patients. By low dose therapy is preferably meant less than 0.008 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.007 mg/kg/day or less, more preferably 0.005 mg/kg/day or less and most preferably 0.003 mg/kg/day or less. The therapy is preferably performed during short term treatment, preferably less than one month.

Abstract: An injector device for delivery of liquid from a high pressure, the device comprising a housing, a pressure chamber 2 comprising a pressure barrel 4 for accommodation of at least one piston therein and having a front end opening 6 for ejection of the liquid, the pressure chamber being of sufficient strength to sustain the liquid pressure. The device further comprises a storage chamber 16, separate from the pressure chamber, for the liquid or the liquid precursor components, and a conduit 22 between the pressure chamber and the storage chamber. A pressurizing mechanism 26 in the housing is arranged to apply force, directly or indirectly, on the piston in the pressure barrel to create said liquid pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the enantioselective preparation of tolterodine and analogues and salts thereof comprises the steps of: a) enantioselectively reducing the carbonyl function in a compound of formula (II):  wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently of each other are hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, carbamoyl, sulphamoyl or halogen, to form an enantiomerically enriched compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb):  wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; b) subjecting the compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) to a sigmatropic rearrangement to form a corresponding enantiomerically enriched compound of formula (IVa) or (IVb):  wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; c) subjecting the compound of formula (IVa) or (IVb) to a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation to form a corresponding enantiomerically enriched compound of the general formula (Va) or (Vb): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; d) co

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of recombinant peptides by fed-batch cultivation of a microorganism in a bioreactor containing a medium comprising organic carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral salts. The cultivation is carried out by the addition of the organic carbon source by oscillation feed and/or by oscillation variation of stirring speed, e.g. in a square or sinus wave pattern. Preferably the organic carbon source is glucose and the recombinant peptide is growth hormone.

Abstract: Formulations of nicotine for use in nicotine replacement therapy. The formulations are intended for application in the oral cavity where upon the uptake of nicotine mainly takes place through the buccal mucosa. The formulations essentially comprise apolar, polar and surface-active components. The formulations may be administered in combination with other nicotine formulations.

Abstract: A tilt sensing device and method for its operation, the device being of the type comprising a) a housing, b) a radiation transmitter and a radiation receiver arranged in or at the housing to form a beam path therebetween, c) a radiation obstructing or deflecting body movable in relation to the beam path and d) a rest surface for the body defining at least two possible rest positions for the body relative the beam path between which rest positions the body can move by gravity at defined tilt angles for the device and which rest positions are selected to give a detectable output difference from the radiation receiver depending on which of the rest positions is occupied by the body. The size of the movable body, expressed as the diameter of a sphere of corresponding volume, is less than 10 mm. Operation of the device includes monitoring the output from the receiver to obtain an amplitude versus time function and processing data from the function to obtain a modified signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an article of manufacture comprising a partial or complete tubular primary part defining a tube axis and having an at least partially curved circumferential wall at least partially encircling the axis; said wall comprising a joint edge, defining a) a joint line along said edge on said wall, b) a joint plane drawn to contain said joint line, c) a joining direction having at least a direction component perpendicular to said joint line and said joint plane, d) a locking plane at least partially at the surface or within a section through said wall in which both said joint line and said joining direction lies and e) a normal direction being perpendicular to said joint plane; and at least one locking structure, the improvement comprising that the locking structure includes at least one positive or negative hook structure in said locking plane, extending in the joining direction away from the joint line and having an undercut in the locking plane and that the hook structure is exposed from a

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation containing tolterodine or a tolterodine-related compound, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, as active ingredient, in which the formulation exhibits a controlled in vitro release of the active ingredient in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 of not less than about 80% after 18 hours, and after oral administration to a patient is capable of maintaining a substantially constant serum level of the active moiety or moieties for 24 hours. The invention also relates to the use of the pharmaceutical formulation for treating overactive bladder and gastrointestinal disorders.

Abstract: Device for transdermal administration of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, optionally encompassing salts, prodrugs and metabolites thereof, optionally together with pharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s) to a human being or an animal in order to achieve a mucolytic effect. Use of a mucolytic compound comprising N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, optionally encompassing salts, prodrugs and metabolites thereof, optionally together with pharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s), for the manufacture of a composition for achieving a mucolytic effect in a human being or an animal. Method for achieving a mucolytic effect in a living body by transdermal administration of a compound comprising N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, optionally encompassing salts, prodrugs and metabolites thereof, optionally together with pharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s).

Abstract: A recombinant DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence (I) which codes for a polypeptide displaying the antigenicity of one, two or more of the Phl p I epitope clones (28, 34, 41, 42, 43, 50, 52, 64, 80, 85, 86, 95, 97, 98, 103, 108, 109, 113, 114) with the amino acid sequences defined in FIG. 2 and preferably being derived from grasses or monocotyledonic plants, or a nucleotide sequence (II) which hybridizes with such a nucleotide sequence (I) under conditions of high stringency. Polypeptides displaying the antigenicity of one, two or more of the Phl p I epitope clones (28, 34, 41, 42, 43, 50, 52, 64, 80, 85, 86. 95, 97, 98, 103, 108, 109, 113, 114) with the amino acid sequences defined in FIG. 2. Recombinant expression vectors containing the recombinant molecule and host cells transformed with the vector. Diagnostic methods based on utilizing the polypeptides in immunoassays for humoral antibodies and cellular reactions.

Abstract: Methods for producing correctly folded biological active recombinant protein or polypeptide comprise the steps of expressing the protein or polypeptide in prokaryotic cells, harvesting the cells, directly solubilizing the cells in a buffer at pH of about 8 to 11 with the chaotropic agent and a reducing agent, and diluting the solution with water and a diluent. The method is conducted in the absence of mechanical disruption of the cells and isolation and washing of refractile bodies.

Abstract: Injector devices and methods for their operation for containers having an opening with or for an injection needle. The container is optionally of syringe type with a barrel of substantially constant axial cross-section. In one embodiment, the devices include a penetration arrangement operable to move the needle from a rear position to a forward position, an injection arrangement operable at least to expel container content through the needle, and a transmission and a switch system allowing manual energy applied to the device to manually operate the penetration arrangement and then manually operate the injection arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to set of formulations of at least one compound selected from tolterodine, salts thereof, prodrugs thereof and/or metabolites thereof, wherein in the set of formulations contains at least one device for transdermal administration and at least one formulation for oral, sublingual, buccal, nasal, pulmonary, rectal and/or other transmucosal administration, in order to achieve an effect against overactive bladder and/or symptoms associated with this condition. The present invention is further drawn to methods of treating an overactive bladder with the formulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the enantioselective preparation of tolterodine and analogues and salts thereof comprises the steps of: a) enantioselectively reducing the carbonyl function in a compound of formula (II): wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently of each other are hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, carbamoyl, sulphamoyl or halogen, to form an enantiomerically enriched compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; b) subjecting the compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIb) to a sigmatropic rearrangement to form a corresponding enantiomerically enriched compound of formula (IVa) or (IVb): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; c) subjecting the compound of formula (IVa) or (IVb) to a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation to form a corresponding enantiomerically enriched compound of the general formula (Va) or (Vb): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; d) converting the compou

Abstract: A conjugate between a target-seeking moiety and a modified superantigen, characterized in that the superantigen is a wild-type superantigen (SA I) in which an amino acid residue in a superantigen region (region I) determining binding to TCR, preferably TCRV&bgr;, and T cell activation have been replaced by another amino acid residue while retaining the ability to activate a subset of T cells.

Abstract: Injector device, and method for its operation, for containers of syringe type, comprising a barrel of axially roughly constant cross-section, a front opening and at least one movable wall inserted in the barrel for displacement of a container content, the injector comprising a) a housing or housing part arranged to receive the container at least axially stationary, b) an integral or composite piston rod arrangement operable to displace the container movable wall at least in the forward direction and c) a track system for controlling or sequencing the piston rod movements, the track system comprising at least one cooperating track and follower, the cooperating track and follower being arranged stationary with respect to the housing and the piston rod respectively, or vice versa, and in cooperation allowing at least one forward for the piston rod. The track system comprises arrangements initiation, dose setting and expulsion of container content.