Abstract: Magnetic means and circuits for efficiently conducting and directing flux to a flux emergent surface, such as the pole of a motor pole piece, in which flux produced by one or more permanent magnetic sources matched in reluctance to a working air gap is directed through an essentially continuously curved convex surface of a volume of magnetically permeable material significantly greater in area than the area of the working air gap, with the flux from the magnetic source(s) is generally everywhere normal to that surface.

Abstract: Methods are provided for separating by-products from alkanolamine complexing agents and heavy metals complexed with alkanolamines, and for the waste-treating of solutions containing such complexed heavy metals and complexing agents. Illustratively, the pH of an electroless metal deposition bath or bath effluent which contains an alkanolamine complexing agent and an alkanolamine-complexed heavy metal is adjusted to render the complexing agent and complexed heavy metal extractable by an ion exchange medium, the pH-adjusted bath liquid is contacted with an ion-exchange medium capable of extracting the complexed heavy metal and complexing agent, the contacted bath liquid, which contains by-products and is substantially free of the complexed heavy metal and the complexing agent is removed from the ion exchange medium and the complexed heavy metal and complexing agent are recovered from the exchange medium for further use in electroless metal deposition baths.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a novel process for the electrometric determination of the cyanide ion content of solutions comprising cyanide ion, a strong reducing agent and a metal ion.

Abstract: A motor driven magnetically coupled variable capacitor including a follower magnet arranged internally of the capacitor and fixedly coupled to a rotatable shaft, a follower magnet drive magnetically coupled to the follower magnet for rotating the follower magnet and therefore the rotatalbe shaft, a plurality of stationary capacitive elements fixedly mounted at one end of the capacitor, and a plurality of movable capacitive elements mechanically coupled to the rotatable shaft for axial movement therealong in response to rotation of the rotatable shaft by the follower magnet. The movable capacitive elements coacting with the stationary capacitive elements to vary the capacitance of the capacitor in response to activation of the follower magnet drive.

Abstract: Sensitizing processes and the resulting new articles of manufacture, suitable for the production of metallized bodies, such as printed circuits, dials, nameplates, metallized plastics, glass, ceramics and the like, comprising bases coated with a halide containing aqueous sensitizing solution of pH 1.5-4.0 that deposits a layer of copper, nickel, cobalt or iron salts or salt compositions, which on exposure to radiant energy, such as heat, light, etc., is converted to a layer of metal nuclei which is non-conductive, but which is capable of catalyzing the deposition of metal onto the base from an electroless metal deposition solution in contact with the metal nuclei.

Abstract: There are provided stable, non-colloidal solutions for sensitizing a surface to the deposition of adherent electroless metal, the solutions comprising a liquid medium and dissolved therein an effective, sensitizing amount of a reaction product of the general formula:A .sup.. D .sup.. E .sup.. Gwherein A is an ion of a precious metal selected from those of the fifth and sixth periods of Groups VIII and IB of the Periodic Table of elements; D is a group IV metal of the Periodic Table of Elements which is capable of two valence states; E is an anion capable of forming a stable complex with components A and D; and G is a hydroxyl group-containing aromatic organic compound capable of forming a stable complex with component A, or component D.

Abstract: Non-conductive real images are formed on substrates by depositing reducible metal salt compositions thereon and exposing the coated substrates to radiant energy or a chemical reducing agent to reduce the metal salt to metallic nuclei and to produce a real image of metal, which is made clearer and built up by electroless metal deposition. The metal salt composition can either be selectively deposited and then exposed, or uniformly deposited and then selectively exposed, to produce the real image.

Abstract: A self-commutating motor including main magnets to provide a magnetic field and a rotatable printed circuit armature positioned therebetween. The armature rotates in a self-commutating fashion with a pair of centrally mounted brushes. The printed circuit armature includes two insulating layers having printed circuit conductive elements thereon, and a low reluctance laminated core to which the layers are bonded. The conductive elements may be skewed to a maximum of about 3.degree. and the conductive elements of each layer are electrically interconnected so that the forces on the conductive elements, resulting from interaction of the current flowing in the conductors with the magnetic field, cooperate to apply a torque to the armature of the motor.

Abstract: A motor drive system including a direct-current motor arranged in tandem with a stepping motor. The stepping motor is energized by conventional means. The direct-current motor is energized by a constant-current drive means, which is responsive to signals from magnitude and direction sensing means. The direct-current motor and stepping motor coact to provide a controlled mechanical output.

Abstract: Radiant energy imaged printed circuit boards are provided by treating an insulating base with a composition of a reducible metal salt and a radiant energy sensitive compound, exposing the treated base to radiant energy in selected areas to produce metallic nuclei in the form of a non-conducting real image of the desired circuit pattern, rinsing the exposed base to remove unexposed metal salts and exposing the real image to an electroless metal bath to build up conductor lines of electroless metal thereon. In an alternative procedure, conductor lines are built up by electroplating with the same or a different metal and, optionally, solder coating.