Abstract: A method of designing a utility distribution system. The method begins with lot data that geographically defines lots in an area to which the utility will be provided. The lot data is stored in a computer in a geographic information system (GIS). The lot data is then computer processed to determine routing data identifying a network of potential utility supply routes, and to produce site data identifying a plurality of placement sites for distribution devices such as transformers for an electrical distribution system. The routing and site data is also stored in the computer. The lot potential routing and site data is then mapped into equivalent expert system objects, and processed using an expert system to produce actual routing data specifying, for each lot, a route along which the lot can be connected to a distribution device, and the size of the required conductor. The routing data may then be mapped back into the GIS.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring an electric field using the electroreflectance effect. The apparatus comprises sensor means and a probe positionable at the point at which the electric field is to be measured. The probe comprises a layer of en electroreflective material having first and second surfaces. An optical source signal is directed onto the probe such that reflection or transmission at the first and second surfaces produces an optical output signal. The intensity of the output signal provides a measure of the electroreflective effect and therefore a measure of the electric field. The wavelength of the source signal is selected such that the electroreflective material exhibits the electroreflective effect at that wavelength, and such that the reflectance of the layer of electroreflective material at that wavelength changes as the index of refraction of the electroreflective material changes.

Abstract: A method for sampling oil from operating electrical distribution transformers includes the steps of determining the thickness of the container, forming a bore partially through the container wall, placing a self-tapping screw in the bore, and advancing the plug to penetrate the inner surface of the wall. The screw includes means for sealing the bore after the inner wall surface has been penetrated. The screw is counter-rotated to allow dielectric fluid to exit the bore in a controlled manner. The screw is then re-rotated to seal the bore. Samples may be obtained without removing the transformer from service.

Abstract: A ground rod installation device having an auger fixedly mounted on the lower end of an elongated drive shaft. A pilot drill projects downwardly from the lower end of the auger. The shaft, auger, and pilot drill have aligned axial passages into which the ground rod is inserted. A releasable fastener then secures the ground rod in place inside the shaft. The shaft is rotated in one direction, thereby causing the auger to draw the shaft into the ground. After the releasable fastener has released the ground rod from the shaft, the shaft is rotated in the opposite direction, thereby withdrawing the shaft from the ground while allowing the ground rod to fall through the passages in the auger and pilot drill and remain in the ground.