Abstract: A cold rolled steel flat product for packaging made of a low carbon steel having a thickness of less than 0.49 mm and a method of making. The steel flat product has a martensite-free microstructure and represents a standard grade for packaging with tensile strengths from 300 to 550 MPa, which can be produced from a cold-rolled steel sheet with a carbon content from 0.01% to 0.1% by weight by inductive annealing of the steel sheet and subsequent water cooling for quenching the recrystallization-annealed steel sheet. To achieve flatness of 5 I-units or less, the induction annealed steel sheet is first primarily cooled in the manufacturing process to a take-off temperature at a rate of less than 1000 K/s, with the take-off temperature being below the transformation temperature of 723° C., and thereafter a secondary cooling by water cooling with a water temperature of less than 80° C. at a rate of more than 1000 K/s.

Abstract: A method for producing a steel sheet for packaging includes: cold-rolling a hot-rolled steel sheet made from a steel having a carbon content of 10 to 1000 ppm by weight, the steel of the hot-rolled steel sheet having a predetermined recrystallization temperature (TR); heating the cold-rolled steel sheet to a predetermined heating temperature (TE), where TR?TE, the heating performed at least partially in the presence of a nitrogen donor at least until TR is reached such that when the cold-rolled steel sheet is heated, nitrogen from the nitrogen donor is diffused at least into a near-surface region of the cold-rolled sheet steel and incorporated in the near-surface region, as a result of which the TR in the near-surface region is increased by a value ?T, where TE<TR+?T. Using this method, high-strength steel sheets having a multilayer microstructure can be produced.

Abstract: A cold rolled steel flat product for packaging made of a low carbon steel having a thickness of less than 0.49 mm and a method of making. The steel flat product has a martensite-free microstructure and represents a standard grade for packaging with tensile strengths from 300 to 550 MPa, which can be produced from a cold-rolled steel sheet with a carbon content from 0.01% to 0.1% by weight by inductive annealing of the steel sheet and subsequent water cooling for quenching the recrystallization-annealed steel sheet. To achieve flatness of 5 I-units or less, the induction annealed steel sheet is first primarily cooled in the manufacturing process to a take-off temperature at a rate of less than 1000 K/s, with the take-off temperature being below the transformation temperature of 723° C., and thereafter a secondary cooling by water cooling with a water temperature of less than 80° C. at a rate of more than 1000 K/s.

Abstract: In a method for passivating the surface of a tinplate using electrolytic deposition of a passivation layer containing chromium oxide/chromium hydroxide on the surface, the electrolytic deposition of the passivation layer is carried out at least partly from an electrolyte solution which contains a trivalent chromium compound, at least one salt for increasing the conductivity and at least one acid or one base for adjusting a desired pH value and is free from organic complexing agents and free from buffering agents. In order to increase the amount of chromium oxide in the passivation layer, after the electrolytic deposition of the passivation layer, the passivated tinplate is subjected to a thermal treatment in which the passivated tinplate is kept at a treatment temperature of 100° C. or more for a treatment time of at least 0.5 seconds.

Abstract: The invention relates to sheet metal packaging products, in particular tinplate or electrolytically chrome-plated sheet steel (ECCS), consisting of a sheet steel substrate (S) with a thickness in the region of 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm and a coating (B), in particular made of tin and/or chromium or chromium and chromium oxide, that is electrolytically deposited on at least one side of the sheet metal substrate. In addition, at least one surface of the sheet metal packaging product provided with the coating (B) has a surface profile with periodically repeating structure elements in at least one direction, wherein an autocorrelation function resulting from the surface profile has a plurality of side lobes with a height of at least 20%, preferably at least 30% of the height of the main lobe. These sheet metal packaging products have improved and novel surface properties.

Abstract: A cold-rolled flat steel product for packaging materials has a thickness of less than 0.6 mm, which has been cold-rolled from steel along a rolling direction (0°) and which has an excellent isotropy with respect to its mechanical properties.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal strip coated with a coating, said coating containing chromium metal and chromium oxide and being electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound and at least one salt for increasing conductivity and at least one acid or one base for setting a desired pH value, onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip into electrolytically effective contact with the electrolyte solution during an electrolysis time. The metal strip is successively passed at a predefined strip travel speed in a strip travel direction through a plurality of electrolysis tanks successively arranged in the strip travel direction. At least the first electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a front group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a first electrolyte solution and the last electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a rear group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a second electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A method for the production of a metal strip coated with a coating. The coating containing chromium metal and chromium oxide and is electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip, which is connected as the cathode, into contact with the electrolyte solution. An effective deposition of the coating with a high chromium oxide portion is achieved by successively passing the metal strip at a predefined strip travel speed through a plurality of electrolysis tanks arranged successively in a strip travel direction. The first electrolysis tank is set to a low current density; a second electrolysis tank, which follows in the strip travel direction, is set to a medium current density; and a last electrolysis tank is set to a high current density, where the low current density is greater than 20 A/dm2.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal strip coated with a coating that contains chromium metal and chromium oxide and is electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip, which is connected as the cathode, into contact with the electrolyte solution. An efficient deposition of coating with a high proportion of chromium oxide is obtained by successively passing the metal strip through a plurality of electrolysis tanks. The electrolyte solution in at least the last electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or in a rear group of electrolysis tanks has an average temperature of at most 40° C., and the electrolysis time, during which the metal strip is in electrolytically effective contact with the electrolyte solution in the last electrolysis tank or in the rear group of electrolysis tanks is less than 2.0 seconds.

Abstract: A cold-rolled flat steel product for packaging materials has a thickness of less than 0.6 mm, which has been cold-rolled from steel along a rolling direction (0°) and which has an excellent isotropy with respect to its mechanical properties.

Abstract: A packaging sheet metal product from a cold-rolled steel sheet with a thickness of less than 0.6 mm has a specified composition. The packaging sheet metal product during biaxial deformation in a bulge test has a lower yield strength (SbeL) of more than 300 MPa and a corresponding elongation at break (Ab) of more than 10 % and in the plastic region between the Lüders elongation (Abe) and an upper (plastic) elongation limit of ?max=0.5·Ab(SbeL/Sbm) has a biaxial stress/strain diagram ?B(?) that can be represented by a function ?max=b·?n, with: ?B is the true biaxial stress in MPa; ? is the amount of true elongation in the thickness direction in %; Sbm is the absolute strength; b is a proportionality factor; and n is a strain-hardening exponent. A strengthening of the packaging sheet product in the thickness direction is characterized by a strain-hardening exponent of n?0.353?5.1·SbeL/104 MPa.

Abstract: A nitrided packaging steel in the form of a flat steel product and method for producing a nitrided packaging steel with a carbon content of 10-1000 ppm and uncombined nitrogen, dissolved in the steel, of more than 100 ppm. The nitriding is performed in two stages: a first stage, in which a molten steel is nitrided to a nitrogen content of at most 160 ppm by introducing a nitrogen-containing gas and/or a nitrogen-containing solid into the molten steel, and a second stage, in which a flat steel product produced from the nitrided molten steel by cold rolling is treated with a nitrogen-containing gas in order to increase further the amount of uncombined nitrogen in the flat steel product.

Abstract: A method of removing a coating made of an organic material, in particular an organic lacquer or a polymer coating, which adheres to the surface of tin-plated sheet steel. In a first step, the tin layer of the tin-plated sheet steel is completely or incipiently melted by exposure to electromagnetic radiation with a predefined wavelength, to which the organic coating is at least primarily transparent, with the organic coating becoming detached from tin layer, and in a second step, the organic material of the coating which detached from the tin layer is removed.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal strip coated with a coating, said coating containing chromium metal and chromium oxide and being electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound and at least one salt for increasing conductivity and at least one acid or one base for setting a desired pH value, onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip into electrolytically effective contact with the electrolyte solution during an electrolysis time. The metal strip is successively passed at a predefined strip travel speed in a strip travel direction through a plurality of electrolysis tanks successively arranged in the strip travel direction. At least the first electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a front group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a first electrolyte solution and the last electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or a rear group of electrolysis tanks is filled with a second electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A method for passivation of the surface of blackplate or tinplate by electrolytic deposition of a chromium oxide-containing passivation layer on the surface. The electrolytic deposition of the chromium-containing passivation layer occurs from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound as well as at least one salt to increase the conductivity and at least one acid or a base to adjust a desired pH value. The electrolyte solution contains no additional components apart from the trivalent chromium compound as well as the at least one salt and the at least one acid or base and is especially free of organic complexing agents and free of buffering agents.

Abstract: A method for inspection of a surface of a sheet moving in a direction, in which the surface is illuminated with first and second light sources, with the first light source emitting light under a first incidence angle range onto a first surface area and the second light source emitting light under a second incidence angle range onto a second surface area of the surface of the sheet. The first and second light sources are operated in pulsed fashion in alternation with a stipulated pulse frequency so that the surface of the sheet is illuminated in alternation with the pulse frequency in the first surface area and the second surface area and the first surface area illuminated by the first light source is observable by an inspector via a mirror in the bright field and the second surface area illuminated by the second light source is observable by the inspector via the mirror in the dark field.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal strip coated with a coating that contains chromium metal and chromium oxide and is electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip, which is connected as the cathode, into contact with the electrolyte solution. An efficient deposition of coating with a high proportion of chromium oxide is obtained by successively passing the metal strip through a plurality of electrolysis tanks. The electrolyte solution in at least the last electrolysis tank, as viewed in the strip travel direction, or in a rear group of electrolysis tanks has an average temperature of at most 40° C., and the electrolysis time, during which the metal strip is in electrolytically effective contact with the electrolyte solution in the last electrolysis tank or in the rear group of electrolysis tanks is less than 2.0 seconds.

Abstract: A method for the production of a metal strip coated with a coating. The coating containing chromium metal and chromium oxide and is electrolytically deposited from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound onto the metal strip by bringing the metal strip, which is connected as the cathode, into contact with the electrolyte solution. An effective deposition of the coating with a high chromium oxide portion is achieved by successively passing the metal strip at a predefined strip travel speed through a plurality of electrolysis tanks arranged successively in a strip travel direction. The first electrolysis tank is set to a low current density; a second electrolysis tank, which follows in the strip travel direction, is set to a medium current density; and a last electrolysis tank is set to a high current density, where the low current density is greater than 20 A/dm2.

Abstract: A method of thermally treating black plate which is coated with a conversion coating. The conversion-coated black plate is heated during a thermal treatment time from 0.1 seconds to 30 seconds to a temperature in the range of 240° C. to 320° C. The heat treatment makes it possible to improve the adhesion of the conversion coating to the black plate surface. In one application of the method, the heat treatment is carried out in a process for the production of corrosion-resistant black plate, in which prior to, during or after the heat treatment, an organic coating in the form of paint or a polymer coating is applied to the conversion coating of the black plate.

Abstract: A reflector for helio-thermal systems may include a metallic carrier plate and a reflective coating that is applied to the carrier plate and is constructed from at least one metallic reflective layer and at least one protective layer applied to the reflective layer. Such reflectors have high reflective capabilities, are robust in relation to mechanical stress, and can be manufactured cost effectively. Such reflectors are also lightweight and dimensionally stable due to the fact that the carrier plate may be formed from a sandwich plate having at least one nonmetallic intermediate layer disposed between an upper and lower metallic cover plate. The upper cover plate may have a smoothed surface to which the reflective layer can be applied. The smoothed surface prior to the reflective layer being applied may have an arithmetic mean surface parameter Ra of less than 0.03 ?m. Methods for manufacturing such reflectors are also disclosed.