Abstract: The present invention relates to a membrane stack and device for a membrane based process and method therefore. The membrane stack comprises: a number of membranes (78) forming compartments; and fluid supply and discharge means (80) for supplying and discharging a fluid to the compartments such that the fluid is supplied and discharged substantially in the plane of the membrane of the membrane stack. Preferably, the fluid supply and discharge means are provided on opposite sides of the membrane stack. Further, the invention relates to a method of forming the membranes (78).

Abstract: A device and related method for producing electrical energy, in the form of current flowing in a load. The said method uses two solutions with different ionic concentration as energy source. The said device includes at least two electrodes immersed at least partially in a liquid contained in a cell. The method includes a plurality of phases. Among them, a phase in which the electrodes and are brought into contact with a first solution; a phase in which they are electrically charged; a phase in which they are brought into contact with a second solution; a phase in which at least a part of the accumulated charge is let flow through the load. The energy provided to the load is more than the energy used to charge the electrodes.

Abstract: Membrane, cell and device suitable for reverse electrodialysis for the purpose of generating electricity, and methods therefor, the membrane comprising a number of channels arranged on at least a first side of the membrane, wherein the channels are suitable for throughfeed of a fluid, wherein the dimensions of the channels are aimed at obtaining a laminar flow of the fluid in the channels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a membrane stack and device for a membrane based process and method therefore. The membrane stack comprises: a number of membranes (78) forming compartments; and fluid supply and discharge means (80) for supplying and discharging a fluid to the compartments such that the fluid is supplied and discharged substantially in the plane of the membrane of the membrane stack. Preferably, the fluid supply and discharge means are provided on opposite sides of the membrane stack. Further, the invention relates to a method of forming the membranes (78).