Abstract: A grating structure and a solar cell assembly. In one aspect, the grating structure suppresses the zero order transmission to near 0%. In another aspect, the solar cell assembly has improved absorption due to coupling with a grating structure.

Abstract: A grating structure and a solar cell assembly. In one aspect, the grating structure suppresses the zero order transmission to near 0%. In another aspect, the solar cell assembly has improved absorption due to coupling with a grating structure.

Abstract: A grating structure and a solar cell assembly. In one aspect, the grating structure suppresses the zero order transmission to near 0%. In another aspect, the solar cell assembly has improved absorption due to coupling with a grating structure.

Abstract: A grating structure and a solar cell assembly. In one aspect, the grating structure suppresses the zero order transmission to near 0%. In another aspect, the solar cell assembly has improved absorption due to coupling with a grating structure.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp formed of a polycrystalline alumina ceramic arc tube which includes a discharge zone and end tubes on each side to seal the tube, the discharge zone containing light emitting metal halides and mercury and a starting gas of argon or xenon. The end tubes have longitudinally extending openings therein. The end tubes have proximal ends adjacent the arc tube and distal ends furthermost removed from the arc tube. An electrical feed through is disposed in each of the end tubes which includes a thin metal foil section disposed between two electrically conductive lead in wire wires. One of the lead in wire wires has an electrode disposed thereon. A sealing compound seals the electrical feed through to the alumina of the end tubes at the outer ends thereof.

Abstract: An electrodeless fluorescent lamp comprises a closed-loop (“tokamak”) envelope, two ferrite cores, and an induction coil that is disposed on the envelope walls inside the closed-loop formed by the envelope. The envelope comprises two straight tubes of the same diameter. All coils' turns have essential the same length and are parallel to each other and to the closed-loop axis. Each ferrite core encircles a segment of each the coil's turn and one connecting tube. The lamp can be operated at driving frequencies of 100-600 kHz and lamp powers of 50-250 W. The ferrite core power losses were 6-8 W when the lamp was operated at a frequency of 200-300 kHz and lamp power of 140-150 W. The lamp light output was 12,500 lumen and luminous efficacy was 87 LPW.

Abstract: A dimmable electrical discharge lamp providing radiation and having a CRI of over 90 and a color temperature of between about 3000-4000° K even when dimmed by up to 40% of its rated power. The lamp contains a fill of a mixture of cesium, mercury and a rare gas. The fill is enclosed in a hermetically sealed polycrystalline alumina arc tube having an electrode at each end and the arc tube is enclosed in an outer jacket. The lamp is provided with a circuit for providing current to the arc tube. A low frequency wave simmer current is provided and one or more current pulses are superimposed on the simmer current. The gradient of the leading edge of the pulse is short whereby to generate a high electrical field and cause a high degree of ionization of the cesium.

Abstract: An electrodeless fluorescent lamp employs a glass envelope made from a single linear tube filled with inert gas and mercury vapor. Phosphor and protective coatings are disposed on the inner surface of the envelope walls. An induction coil of few turns made from silver coated copper or Litz wire is wrapped around the linear tube in its axial direction. The inductively-coupled axially uniform plasma is generated inside the linear tube. The discharge electric field and current form a closed-loop path inside a tube in its axial direction. The lamp is operated at frequencies from 100 KHz to 100 MHz and RF power from 10 W to 2000 W (dependent on lamp size and number of turns). The lamp power efficiency and efficacy are comparable to those in electrodeless lamps of closed-loop shape operated with and without ferrite core.

Abstract: An electrodeless fluorescent lamp comprises a glass closed-loop envelope filled with inert gas and mercury vapor at pressure of 0.1-5 torr. An induction coil of few turns and made from Litz wire is disposed on the outer surface of the lamp inside of the closed-loop envelope. A phosphor coating is disposed on the inner surface of the envelope surface and a reflective coating is disposed on the inner surface of the area adjacent to the induction coil.

Abstract: An electrodeless inductively-coupled fluorescent lamp which operates at radio frequencies and contains an induction coil (1) which is inserted in a reentrant cavity (2) of the envelope (7) and is spread along the length of the reentrant cavity (2). The coil (1) is disposed within a cylinder (14) of thermally conductive metal. The use of the spread coil provides for reduction of starting and operation voltages of the lamp and results in lowering of the energy of ions bombarding the inner surface of the envelope (7) and the cavity (2) and therefore improves lamp maintenance and increases lamp life.

Abstract: This invention relates to dimmable metal halide lamps using ceramic arc tubes for the application of energy saving, mood control, and constant light output over the life of the lamp. Under dimmed conditions, as low as 50% of rated wattage, the color temperature (CCT) can remain substantially the same and be perceived by the viewer as a constant color light source. Furthermore, the invention improves the color rendering index (CRI) and the efficacy of the lamp under dimmed operation. Such improvements are provided by placing a metal shield on an end of the arc tube, whereby the emissivity of the shield is lower than the emissivity of the ceramic in the arc tube, whereby cold spot temperature in the lamp is increased, even under dimmed conditions.

Abstract: A new planar phased array antenna is disclosed having M by N antenna cells with only M+N phase shifters. A grid of M+N feed lines with the M feed lines at a first frequency having a uniquely controllable phase and N feed lines at a second frequency with each feed line having a uniquely controllable phase are provided separating adjacent cells in the matrix. By coupling an antenna element through a mixer to one row and column feed, a phase for each antenna element in the array can be uniquely controlled through a scan, thereby providing a simplified planar array to be implemented as a patch antenna.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp having an adjustable color temperature comprising at least two elongated fluorescent discharge tubes (10 & 20), one tube (10) having a larger diameter than the other (20). The tubes (10 & 20) are assembled into a single unit. A groove (12) is disposed within the larger tube (10) and runs parallel to the longitudinal axis. The smaller diameter tube (20) is snugly nested within the groove (12) and in intimate contact with the larger diameter tube (10). The larger diameter tube has a phosphor coating producing one color temperature and the smaller diameter tube produces a different color temperature. Preferably, the larger tube has a phosphor coating that emits a low color temperature of 3000.degree. K. or below and the smaller tube's phosphor coating emits a high color temperature of greater than 10,000.degree. K. A controller divides the power to the two tubes such that a variable color temperature is produced at nearly constant total power.

Abstract: An integrally molded flat fluorescent lamp comprising a convoluted channel member (11) formed of vitreous glass with convoluted channel (14) fabricated by employing a combination of vacuum-assisted sag molding, press molding and blow molding techniques. While the part (11) is molten, a planar member (13) is fused to it by pressing the parts (11 and 13 at 15) together to form a closed glass envelope. The inside of the envelope is coated with a phosphor layer and preferably the external surface of the envelope is coated with a reflective layer. A pair of electron-emissive electrodes are fused to openings (12) in the envelope. They are sealed through glass flares at the two holes integral to the envelope. The envelope is evacuated and filled with a rare gas and mercury to a suitable pressure and sealed off to form a lamp.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrodeless fluorescent RF lamp which includes bulbous lamp envelope (10, 20) with a top, a bottom and a fill of rare gas and vaporizable amalgam (14) therein. A reentrant cavity (11, 21) is disposed adjacent the bottom of the envelope (10 a, 20a) and at least one tubulation (12, 22) extends from the envelope to hold at least a portion of the vaporizable amalgam. An induction coil (2) is disposed on lead wires and coupled with a radio frequency excitation generator for generation of a plasma to produce radiation. At least the major portion of the cold spot where the amalgam resides is maintained at a temperature between about 60.degree. and 140.degree. C. during operation of the lamp, by utilizing a portion of the induction coil to warm up to amalgam.

Abstract: An electrodeless inductively-coupled fluorescent lamp which operates at ro frequency comprising a bulbous envelope (1) filled with rare gas and metal vapor. A reentrant cavity (4) and an induction coil (6) are disposed in the cavity (4). The inner walls of the envelope (1) and the cavity (4) have a protective coating (3) and a phosphor coating (2). A metal Faraday cylinder (12) welded to the lamp base (13) is disposed between the cavity (4) and the coil (6) to reduce capacitive RF voltage between the coil and the plasma to improve lamp maintenance and remove heat. A tubulation (16) is disposed on the lamp axis to evacuate the envelope (1). The proximal end of the tubulation (16) has an expansion (20) with the volume (23) where the initial capacitive discharge is ignited.

Abstract: A flat compact fluorescent lamp is disclosed. The lamp contains a fill of mercury and inert gas. The lamp includes a glass front panel (1) having an inner surface and a glass bottom panel (2) also having an inner surface. A convoluted glass partition (3) having an eccentric spiral shape and smooth bends is disposed between the inner surfaces of the front and bottom panels and with the bottom panel (2) defines a channel (4) in the lamp. The channel (4) has a fairly uniform width. A phosphor coating (6) of a predetermined density between about 3 and 5 mg./cm.sup.2 is disposed on the inner surface of the channel (4) and a phosphor coating (8) of a predetermined density of between about 0.5 and 1.5 mg./cm.sup.2 is disposed on the inner surface of the front panel (1). Two electrodes (14a & 14b) are disposed at opposite ends of the spiral in the lamp to form an arc which emits UV light to excite the phosphor (6 & 8) to emit light.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp has a pair of fluorescent arc tubes (16, 18) dosed within a spherical bulbous, translucent envelope (24). The arc tubes (16, 18) are substantially U-shaped and are oriented such that one leg of the U-shape of an arc tube extends between the legs of the other arc tube. The arc tubes (16, 18) are connected to a single ballast to provide power to the lamp.

Abstract: A multifunctional filtration apparatus is provided for the automated transfer, separation and filtration which accommodates all types of filter papers or filter mediums including aerophobic filter mediums such as nitrocellulose, nylon, biological membranes as well as aerophyllic filter mediums. The automated multifunctional filtration apparatus includes a first manifold and one or more separation chambers disposed on one side of a filter medium and a second manifold disposed on the other side of the filter medium.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump is provided having an adjustable flow regulation provided by an adjustable axial elongation means for the variable elongation of resilient tubing disposed between the associated rotors of a rotary peristaltic pump or the plurality of reciprocal pushers or fingers in a linear peristaltic pump to provide a radial compression of successive sections of the resilient tubing. The rotary or linear peristaltic pump includes a calibrated display and a variable speed electric motor having forward and reversing capabilities along with computer interface control for precisely metering and monitoring the volume of liquids for medical, biological and laboratory applications.