Abstract: A novel organophilic clay comprising the reaction product of:(a) a smectite-type clay; and(b) a quaternary ammonium compound or compounds selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an unsaturated alkyl-ester group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms as described below and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of (i) R.sub.1, (ii) long chain linear or branched alkyl (including methyl), aliphatic or aromatic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (such groups can also include hydroxylated groups); (iii) aralkyl groups, which are benzyl and substituted benzyl moieties, including such groups having fused ring moieties having linear chains or branches of 1 to 30 carbon atoms; (iv) aryl groups such as phenyl and substituted phenyl including fused ring aromatic substituents; (v) beta, gamma unsaturated groups having six or less carbon atoms or hydroxyalkyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and (vi) hydrogen and M.sup.

Abstract: The invention involves biopolymer/oil suspension compositions for the oil service industry, most particularly drilling and completion fluids, which provide such fluids a variety of desirable properties. Biopolymers include water soluble polymers and water swellable polymers. Such biopolymer/oil suspension compositions are essentially mixtures of biopolymers such as cellulosics in an oil medium with a specific anti-settling additive. The invention is particularly directed to providing enhanced anti-settling properties to such biopolymer/oil compositions; that is, the ability of the biopolymer/oil composition to retain the biopolymers in suspension prior to the composition being introduced into drilling and completion fluids. The invention in one embodiment is described as a liquid biopolymer-in-oil additive compositions for use in aqueous-based completion fluids, containing an agent comprising: a) one or more polyamides, and b) hydrogenated caster oils including castorwax.

Abstract: An improved drilling fluid with enhanced anti-settling properties useful for all types of drilling systems is described. The invention includes a process for providing anti-settling properties to both oil and invert oil (i.e., water in oil emulsion) based fluids as well as the additive itself. The drilling fluid drilling mud invention contains at least one reaction product of which the reactants comprise an alkoxylated aliphatic amino compound and an organic polycarboxylic anhydride or acid and a rheologically active clay-based material.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds, by preparing a mixture of a tertiary amine and a liquid reaction vehicle and adding an alkyl halide to the mixture to produce a quaternary ammonium halide, the liquid reaction medium being a liquid, low volatility, substantially non-toxic diluent having a vapor pressure not greater than about 1 mm. Hg at a temperature of 25.degree. C. and preferably being a fatty acid or a fatty acid mono-, di-, or triglyceride, a mineral oil, or 2-ethylhexanol wherein the alkyl groups comprising the fatty acids or the triglycerides have from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, the quaternary ammonium compounds being particularly suited for uses such as deinking of paper in conjunction with appropriate clays, surfactants, flotation agents, anti-static agents and biocides.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing dissolved heavy metals including lead and radioactive contaminants from contaminated aqueous systems including aqueous soil systems. Such systems have resulted from Department of Defense activities and chemical manufacture, as well as from a large variety of past activities. An organically modified smectite clay, or organoclay, is used to treat these systems. Organoclays are the reaction product of smectite clays and quaternary ammonium compounds. The organoclay is brought in contact with system to be treated where it sorbs the heavy metal in the aqueous system onto the organoclay which sorbed complex is then removed by a variety of methods including flotation and air sparging.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compositions are described which are made using diluents including soya bean oil, caster oil, mineral oils, isoparaffin/naphthenic and coconut oil. Such diluents remain as diluents in the final product and generally have a vapor pressure of 1 mm of Hg or less at 25.degree. C., and are liquid at ambient temperature. The quaternary/ammonium diluent compositions have low volatile organic compound emission rates and high flash points, and can be tailored to particular applications. Such applications include use a fabric softeners, cosmetics ingredients, deinking additives, surfactants, and reaction materials in the manufacture of organoclays.

Abstract: An improved pumpable anti-abrasion/slip ink additive is disclosed comprising a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyalphaolefin. As an alternative, additional material, such as phenolic resins and oils can be added to the mixture. The additives permit the less costly manufacture of printing inks, most particularly heat set inks and results in print which has improved rub, slip and anti-mar characteristics.

Abstract: An organoclay made by the reaction of smectite clay and a quaternary ammonium compound derived from an oil having 50% or more of its carbon chain lengths consisting of C.sub.14 or lower is described as an effective oil spill remediation agent. Oils used include coconut, babasso and palm-kennel oil. Such organoclay's effectiveness as an oil spill remediation agent, and that of organoclays can be increased by (a) further treatment with a water insoluble compound such as vegetable oil and b) by mixture with an organic fibrous material such as waste paper pulp. The agents produced are particularly effective in polar and arctic waters in maintaining buoyancy of the oil agglomeration formed by their use. Methods of remediating oil spills using organoclays particularly useful in regions such as waters of the Alaska oceans and inlets of the North Sea are also described.

Abstract: A liquid, pourable rheological additive expecially useful for thickening liquid organic compositions which comprises the reaction product of a defined polyalkoxylated nitrogen-containing compound, polycarboxylic acid and a liquid diamine. The additive, which exists in a pourable, pumpable form at up to a 100% rheologically active composition, exhibits excellent thickening efficiency for systems including inks, epoxies, polyesters, paints, greases and other systems, including ease of dispersibility, without adversely affecting gloss. The additive operates by both an associative and a reaction mechanism to provide rheological viscosity properties to such systems, and is also similarly useful for aqueous systems.

Abstract: A liquid, pourable rheological additive especially useful for thickening organic and solvent-based compositions which in one aspect comprises an alkoxylated nitrogen-containing compound, polycarboxylic acid, and a functional chain ending unit. The additive, which exists in a pourable, pumpable form at up to a 100% rheologically active composition, exhibits excellent thickening efficiency for systems including inks, epoxies, polyesters, paints, greases and other systems, including ease of dispersibility, without adversely affecting gloss. The additive operates by both an associative and a reaction mechanism to provide rheological viscosity properties to such systems, and is also similarly useful for aqueous systems.

Abstract: A novel organophilic clay gellant comprising the reaction product of:(a) a smectite clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of natural clay without impurities;(b) a first organic cation in an amount of from about 75% to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite clay;(c) a second organic cation provided by a polyalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salt; and(d) one or more organic anion(s) that is capable of reacting with said first and second organic cations, to form an organic cation-organic anion complex with said smectite clay.The organophilic clay gellant is used in a non-aqueous fluid system such as paints, inks, and coatings to provide improved theological properties.

Abstract: A pourable liquid thickening composition for aqueous systems including latex coatings is described. The composition comprises in specified ratios an associative thickener polymer, water and one or more surfactants. Associate thickener polymers include polyurethanes, polyesters, polyacrylamides, modified hydroxyethyl celluloses, alkali soluble emulsions and other chemicals. Specific surfactants include dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfates, alpha olefin sulfonates and sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols.

Abstract: The invention relates to crosslinked carboxylic copolymers comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid; a comonomer containing a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group, a crosslinking monomer selected from the group consisting of triallylisocyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, and gIyoxal bis(diallyl acetal) and an ethoxylated glyceride compound. The copolymer provides superior feel and appearance to a large variety of personal care and pharmaceutical products including cosmetics, creams, lotions and lipsticks.

Abstract: Improved organophilic clay gellants for highly viscous systems such as asphalt and creosote can be prepared by a process wherein the smectite-type clay is gently dried and/or subjected to minimum or no grinding. The organophilic clay agent may be used to thicken a variety of organic compositions including pitch and heavy resins. In a preferred aspect, the organophilic clay gellant can be directly added to asphalt systems in order to efficiently and effectively modify the viscosity thereof without the use of either a polar activator as a dispersion agent or a preactivation agent.

Abstract: A finely divided chloride process titanium dioxide prepared without the use of a dispersing agent. The slurry is dewatered via filtration, and the resulting filter cake is made flowable with an anionic dispersing agent. In order to attain a filter cake with very high solids content, the slurry should contain no, or only very few, multivalent anions. The conditions regarding the content of multivalent anions of the slurry are achieved by selection of suitable dechlorinating agents, especially hydrogen peroxide. The filter cake is thixotropic and is made flowable by the fact that it is put into the "diluted" dispersing agent, especially into a part of the titanium dioxide suspension to which the required quantity of dispersing agent has previously been added. Titanium dioxide suspensions with solids content of approximately 78% are thereby obtained and are of particular use in the paper industry.

Abstract: A process for treating wastepaper to remove oily waste and inorganic components, which comprises: (a) forming an organoclay treating composition in a wastepaper aqueous system; (b) contacting the wastepaper aqueous system with an amount of the organoclay effective to remove from the wastepaper oily waste and inorganic components; and (c) recovering paper pulp from the aqueous system. The process is effective in wastepaper treatment systems using both air flotation removal as well as systems utilizing water-washing processes.

Abstract: A pourable, liquid antisettling composition comprises at least one low molecular weight copolymer of ethylene and an alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid that has been neutralized with a neutralizing agent and water. The composition can be an additive in aqueous coating compositions and provides excellent pigment suspension and rheological properties to aqueous based coating and ink compositions.

Abstract: Organoclays made from smectite-type clays are described as rheological additives for clear systems including clear coat paints, lacquers, varnishes and personal care products. Such additives impart desirable properties to such systems and do not adversely impact the desired properties of clarity and transparency required in such systems.

Abstract: A polyamide (or oligomeric amide) ester rheological additive especially for organic solvent-based compositions comprises the reaction product of a defined polycarboxylic acid, a diamine, an alkoxylated polyol and a capping agent. The additive exhibits excellent efficiency and ease of dispersibility and is especially effective when first predispersed in an organic solvent. Organic solvent-based compositions which may be thickened by using the rheological additive are aliphatic, aromatic, and some moderately polar solvent-based compositions.

Abstract: A theological additive especially for liquid organic systems containing a castor-oil derivative with hydroxyl values below that appearing in nature. The additive may also contain clays and other extenders. The preferred derivative is castor wax. The additive largely eliminates the long term problem of seeding exhibited by paints and coatings using castor-oil derived additives while simultaneously providing improved dispersability and viscosity modifying qualities.