Abstract: The invention relates to a sole for footwear having a structure for minimizing injury to the wearer from twisting or turning movements which may occur during sporting activities, and/or for enhancing performance by assisting rotational movement of the foot. A first invention is a shoe sole comprises a turntable within the sole and connected thereto by a resilient web which provides a seal between the periphery of the turntable and sole. The web is resiliently deformable in response to rotation of the turntable in either direction from a rest position to apply resilient bias to restore the turntable towards it rest position. There may be additional biasing means.

Abstract: A turntable is provided for an article of footwear having a sole with a recess therein. The recess of the sole has a central hub, an arcuate lug and two locating lugs. A spring module is located in the recess and has a large aperture through which passes the hub. The turntable is located in the recess and has an arcuate recess in which the arcuate lug locates, a central opening in which the central hub locates, and an enlarged recess in which the spring module locates.