Abstract: A mode coupling device is provided for coupling co-propagating modes in an optical waveguide to provide a gain flattening filter for use with an optical amplifier such as an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The mode coupling device includes a plurality of long period grating sections having equal spatial periods, with adjacent grating sections separated by an interval of less than 10 periods in length. Also provided is a method for manufacturing the mode coupling device, including a method for determining the parameters of the device and a method for fine tuning the device to provide a loss spectrum closely matching the output spectrum of the optical amplifier. The mode coupling device is useful for flattening the gain of the optical amplifier.

Abstract: A wavelength-selective optical device for coupling of light at predetermined wavelength from one optical fiber waveguide to another using at least two gratings and cladding-mode assisted coupling is disclosed. The transfer of light is performed using intermediate coupling to one or more cladding mode of the waveguides. In the case when the fibers have physically different cladding's, an arrangement for transfer of light from one cladding to another is required. The disclosed coupler has no back-reflection, small insertion loss, and very high channel isolation. The device can be used in wavelength-division multiplexing networks.

Abstract: A refractive-index grating fabricated in an optical fiber having a multilayer coating and a method for making refractive-index patterns such as gratings in optical fibers such that the mechanical properties of the original fiber are preserved. The patterns are written into the optical fiber by partially stripping away the outer coating of the fiber, exposing the core of the fiber through the remainder of the coating with an actinic radiation to form the pattern in the photosensitive core of the fiber, followed by recoating the fiber in the stripped area to provide protection of the newly formed pattern from corruption and to preserve the mechanical properties of the fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber is stressed along its axis with a strain of at least 1% while light is introduced transversely to write a grating. The strain increases the photosensitivity of the fiber and reduces the time required to write the grating. Alternatively, the fiber can be compressed radially and inwardly, or compressed along its axis.

Abstract: A wavelength-selective optical device for coupling of light at predetermined wavelength from one optical fiber waveguide to another using at least two gratings and cladding-mode assisted coupling is disclosed. The transfer of light is performed using intermediate coupling to one or more cladding mode of the waveguides. In the case when the fibers have physically different claddings, an arrangement for transfer of light from one cladding to another is required. The disclosed coupler has no back-reflection, small insertion loss, and very high channel isolation. The device can be used in wavelength-division multiplexing networks.

Abstract: A mask for forming gratings in an optical fiber has a pattern that is circumferentially varying about a central axis or region.