Abstract: Apparatuses and methods as described herein can be used to help stabilize the gain of a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. In an embodiment, an apparatus can include a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. The apparatus can be configured to inject a first input pulse into the semiconductor-based photomultiplier; determine a revised bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier based at least in part on a first output pulse corresponding to the first input pulse and a second output pulse from the semiconductor-based photomultiplier that is obtained at another time as compared to the first output pulse; and adjust a bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier to the revised bias voltage. A calibration light source, a temperature sensor, and temperature information are not required to be used for the method.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an alpha alumina powder having a specific surface area, a specific crystallite size, and a specific particle size distribution for use in abrasive polishes, and method of making such powder. The method of making the alpha alumina powder can include calcining an aluminum oxide precursor powder at a temperature of 800-1500° C. and milling the calcined powder to the specific particle size distribution. The alpha alumina powder disclosed herein can quickly enable high removal rate with undiminished aesthetic quality when used in abrasive polishes.

Abstract: A material including a body including B6OX can include lattice constant c of at most 12.318. X can be at least 0.85 and at most 1. In a particular embodiment, 0.90?X?1. In another particular embodiment, lattice constant a can be at least 5.383 and lattice constant c can be at most 12.318. In another particular embodiment, the body can consist essentially of B6OX.

Abstract: A substrate can include at least two scintillator materials that are mixed at a predetermined ratio. In an embodiment, the scintillator materials can have a decay time difference of at least 50% when exposed to a same radiation source. In another embodiment, the scintillator materials can have a maximum emission wavelength difference of at least 25 nm when exposed to a same radiation source. At least one of the scintillator materials has a decay time of at most 10 ?s. A system can include the substrate and a logic element configured to determine an identity represented by the substrate. A method can include generating an electronic pulse in response to the substrate being exposed to a radiation source; and analyzing the electronic pulse to determine an identity represented by the substrate.

Abstract: Novel transparent composites have been developed that have relatively lower areal densities of conventional transparent composites, where the composites are tested for the same threat levels as specified in the NIT or STANAG standards. Particular transparent composites can withstand projectiles having relatively high kinetic energy, for example, using STANAG 4 testing conditions. Further, the novel transparent composites can withstand multiple hits using Multiple Hit Testing at a STANAG 2 threat level.

Abstract: A method of forming a batch of porous catalytic carrier particles may include applying a precursor mixture into a shaping assembly within an application zone to form a batch of precursor porous catalytic carrier particles, drying the batch of precursor porous catalytic carrier particles within the shaping assembly to form the batch of porous catalytic carrier particles, and directing an ejection material at the shaping assembly under a predetermined force to remove the batch of porous catalytic carrier particles from the shaping assembly. The batch of porous catalytic carrier particles may have an average pore volume of at least about 0.1 cm3/g.

Abstract: A composition including a carrier comprising a liquid, an abrasive particulate contained in the carrier, an accelerant contained in the carrier, the accelerant including at least one free anion selected from the group of iodide (I?), bromide (Br?), fluoride (F?), sulfate (SO42?), sulfide (S2?), sulfite (SO32?), chloride (Cl?), silicate (SiO44?), phosphate (PO43?), nitrate (NO3?), carbonate (CO32?), perchlorate (ClO4?), or any combination thereof, and a buffer contained in a saturated concentration in the carrier, the buffer including a compound selected from MaFx, NbFx, MaNbFx, MaIx, NbIx, MaNbIx, MaBrx, NbBrx, MaNbBrx, Ma(SO4)x, Nb(SO4)x, MaNb(SO4)x, MaSx, NbSx, MaNbSx, Ma(SiO4)x, Nb(SiO4)x, MaNb(SiO4)x, Ma(PO4)x, Nb(PO4)x, MaNb(PO4)x, Ma(NO3)x, Nb(NO3)x, MaNb(NO3)x, Ma(CO3)x, Nb(CO3)x, MaNb(CO3)x, or any combination, wherein M represents a metal element or metal compound; N represents a non-metal element; and a, b, and x is 1-6.

Abstract: A scintillation crystal can include Ln(1-y)REyX3, wherein Ln represents a rare earth element, RE represents a different rare earth element, y has a value in a range of 0 to 1, and X represents a halogen. In an embodiment, RE is Ce, and the scintillation crystal is doped with Sr, Ba, or a mixture thereof at a concentration of at least approximately 0.0002 wt. %. In another embodiment, the scintillation crystal can have unexpectedly improved linearity and unexpectedly improved energy resolution properties. In a further embodiment, a radiation detection system can include the scintillation crystal, a photosensor, and an electronics device. Such a radiation detection system can be useful in a variety of radiation imaging applications.

Abstract: A scintillation crystal can include a cesium halide that is co-doped with thallium and another element. In an embodiment, the scintillation crystal can include CsX:Tl, Me, where X represents a halogen, and Me represents a Group 5A element. In a particular embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a cesium iodide host material, a first dopant including a thallium cation, and a second dopant including an antimony cation.

Abstract: A ceramic product includes a transparent ceramic panel having a non-planar geometry including a bend having a slippage plane, an increased haze, a non-uniform thickness, or a combination thereof. A method includes providing a transparent ceramic panel, heating the panel, bending the panel to conform to a non-planar geometry.

Abstract: A particulate material having a body including a first phase including alumina having an average crystallite size of not greater than 5 microns, and the body further including a second phase having a platelet shape.

Abstract: A scintillation crystal can include a sodium halide that is co-doped with thallium and another element. In an embodiment, the scintillation crystal can include NaX:Tl, Me, wherein X represents a halogen, and Me represents a Group 1 element, a Group 2 element, a rare earth element, or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, the scintillation crystal has a property including, for radiation in a range of 300 nm to 700 nm, an emission maximum at a wavelength no greater than 430 nm; or an energy resolution less than 6.4% when measured at 662 keV, 22° C., and an integration time of 1 microsecond. In another embodiment, the co-dopant can be Sr or Ca. The scintillation crystal can have lower energy resolution, better proportionality, a shorter pulse decay time, or any combination thereof as compared to the sodium halide that is doped with only thallium.

Abstract: A ceramic composite can include a first ceramic phase and a second ceramic phase. The first ceramic phase can include a silicon carbide. The second phase can include a boron carbide. In an embodiment, the silicon carbide in the first ceramic phase can have a grain size in a range of 0.8 to 200 microns. The first phase, the second phase, or both can further include a carbon. In another embodiment, at least one of the first ceramic phase and the second ceramic phase can have a median minimum width of at least 5 microns.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus can include a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation; a photosensor to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light; an analyzer to determine a characteristic of the radiation; and a housing that contains the scintillator, the photosensor, and the analyzer, wherein the radiation detection apparatus to is configured to allow functionality be changed without removing the analyzer from the housing. The radiation detection apparatus can be more compact and more rugged as compared to radiation detection apparatuses that include a photomultiplier tube.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus can include a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation; a photosensor to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light; an analyzer to determine a characteristic of the radiation; and a housing that contains the scintillator, the photosensor, and the analyzer, wherein the radiation detection apparatus to is configured to allow functionality be changed without removing the analyzer from the housing. The radiation detection apparatus can be more compact and more rugged as compared to radiation detection apparatuses that include a photomultiplier tube.

Abstract: Various shaped abrasive particles are disclosed. Each shaped abrasive particle includes a body having at least one major surface and another surface extending from the major surface.

Abstract: A shaped abrasive particle including a body having a first major surface, a second major surface, and a side surface joined to the first major surface and the second major surface, and the body has at least one partial cut extending from the side surface into the interior of the body.

Abstract: A refractory article can include a socket including a cavity that is configured to receive a post, a particulate material, and a binder. The binder is configured to bond the post to the socket. The refractory article can include a sleeve coupled to the socket and configured to bond the post to the socket. In an embodiment, the sleeve can bond to the binder. In another embodiment, a collar can be placed between the sleeve and the binder. The collar can be configured to bond the post to the socket. A method of forming a refractory article can include disposing a particulate material within a cavity of a socket and placing a binder material overlying the particulate material.