Abstract: Systems and methods for energizing a low voltage electrical resistance igniter are disclosed. The systems and methods determine the line voltage into the system and control the voltage being applied to the electrical resistance igniters so a first regulated voltage is applied initially and for a time period and thereafter a second regulated voltage is applied, the second voltage being the operating voltage for the igniter. The systems and methods decrease the amount of time required to heat-up the low voltage electrical resistance igniter to a temperature sufficient to ignite a fuel-air mixture while regulating the output voltage being delivered to the igniters to prevent over voltage damage to the igniters.

Abstract: New ceramic resistive igniter elements are provided that comprise a first conductive zone, a resistive hot zone, and a second conductive zone, all in electrical sequence. In preferred igniters, at least a substantial portion of the first conductive zone does not contact a ceramic insulator. Preferred igniters of the invention have a rounded cross-sectional shape for at least a portion of the igniter length.

Abstract: Resistive igniter systems are provided that comprise a metal substrate with an associated resistive igniter element in electrical connection through braze applied to the metal substrate. Igniter systems of the invention can enable significantly simplified manufacturing as well as notably higher yield production of more robust igniters. In preferred systems, the braze material is applied to the metal substrate prior to adjoining the igniter and metal substrate, which can enable application of a relatively precise amount of braze in a defined area of the metal substrate.

Abstract: Powders of particles comprising a ceramic core and a coating of ceria deposited thereon provide an economical and effective abrasive for glass polishing formulations.

Abstract: Ceramic media made using ceramic components comprising from 5 to 60% by weight of spodumene and 95 to 40 wt % of other ceramic-forming components comprising clay and feldspar have a reduced tendency to shrink upon firing to form the media and improved physical properties.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved ceramic packing element having the basic shape of a cylinder with an aspect ratio, defined by the diameter to length dimensions that is from 2.7 to 4.5.