Abstract: In a chemonuclear fusion in which hydrogen ions of nuclear stopping power energy of a few keV per nucleon, that is, deuteron or proton beam are implanted into a liquid target of molten metal lithium, the reaction rate is increased by about 1011 times by thermodynamic force in the liquid. For putting chemical nuclear fusion to practical use, there is needed to increase the reaction rate by further increasing the thermodynamic force.

Abstract: An electric furnace has a furnace wall, a cylindrical spiral member made of a wire of heat resistant material, a part of the cylindrical portion of which being embedded into the furnace wall and the remaining cylindrical portion of which being projected from an inner surface of the furnace wall, and a heating member inserted into the remaining cylindrical portion of the spiral member. The wire is wound along circles, ellipses, triangles, or quadrangles. The heating member has a circular, quadrangular, triangular or elliptical cross section.

Abstract: An adaptor device for connecting a sheathed heater with a power supply terminal wherein an end of a heater wire of the sheathed heater and an end of a lead wire are inserted into an adaptor sleeve and the ends of the heater wire and the lead wire in the adaptor sleeve are connected by a flexible wire. The flexible wire is a stranded wire or in the form of a wave.

Abstract: A single phase and three phase heater element circuit for a ceramic fiber heater wherein a plurality of blocks each of which is formed by a plurality of heater elements arranged side by side on a base of insulation material and connected to one another to form a series circuit, said series circuit being connected across an electric power source, and adjacent ends of the series circuits in adjacent blocks being connected to the same terminal of said electric power source. By connecting adjacent ends of adjacent blocks of ceramic fiber heater element circuits together, the ends of the series circuit connected to separate terminals of the power source are spaced sufficiently far apart from each other such that current flow through the insulation material between ends adjacent the blocks is minimized and preferably substantially prevented for preventing short circuiting and failure of the heater.

Abstract: A sheathed heater having a cylindrical metal sheath includes at least two rod shaped insulator core pieces that are separated from each other and inserted into the sheath along an axial direction of each core piece. Two or three lead pins separated from each other are inserted into the core pieces axially, and an internal heater coil segment is wound around each core piece. Adjacent ends of adjacent internal heater coil segments are electrically connected to the same lead pin, and the coil segments are connected across a single-phase or three-phase electric power source through the lead pins. A thermal and electric insulation material can be inserted between adjacent core pieces.

Abstract: A sheathed heater wherein before the sheathed heater is assembled, an oxide film is formed on the inner peripheral surface of a metal pipe, and/or the outer surfaces of an internal heater and lead pins thereof which are inserted into the metal pipe by heating them in the presence of oxygen or by applying chemicals thereto, and a heat resistent insulation material member is filled in a space formed between the metal pipe and the internal heater. The color of the oxide film thus formed is light brown, brown or black.

Abstract: An electric furnace wherein a belt-like heating member in the shape of zigzag or wave is wound helically on the inner surface of a cylindrical heat insulating member and portions of the inner surface of the belt-like heating member are covered with portions of the heat insulating member, so that the heating member is held securely by the heat insulating member.