Abstract: Provided are a multi-layered graphene film, a method of manufacturing the multi-layered graphene film, and an energy storage device using the multi-layered graphene film as an electrode. The multi-layered graphene film includes a first graphene layer, a spacer layer provided on the first graphene layer, and an upper graphene layer provided on the spacer layer. The spacer layer is provided to maintain a desired distance between the first graphene layer and the upper graphene layer. A plurality of layers with different layer configurations are further provided between the spacer layer and the upper graphene layer. The spacer layer may a graphene or a graphene oxide layer.

Abstract: A thermochromic window, the sunlight transmittance of which is adjustable depending on temperature, and a method of fabricating the same. The thermochromic window includes a substrate, a plurality of nanodots formed on the substrate, and a thermochromic thin film coating the substrate and the nanodots. The thermochromic thin film is made of a thermochromic material. The thickness of the thermochromic thin film disposed on the substrate is smaller than the thickness of the thermochromic thin film disposed on the nanodots.

Abstract: Provided are a color display film and a method for manufacturing the same, and a display apparatus. The color display film includes a base material layer, a high-refractive resin layer on which an optical pattern is formed, and a low-refractive light diffusion layer including a light diffuser in a stacked configuration. The optical pattern is formed in one surface of the high-refractive resin layer facing the low-refractive light diffusion layer. The method of manufacturing a color display film includes forming a high-refractive resin layer by coating a high-refractive transparent resin on one surface of a base material layer and forming an imprinted optical pattern on the coated high-refractive transparent resin, forming a low-refractive light diffusion layer by dispersing a light diffuser into a low-refractive transparent resin, and bonding one surface of the low-refractive light diffusion layer on a surface on which the optical pattern is formed.

Abstract: Provided are a color display film, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display apparatus including the color display film. The color display film includes a base material layer, a high-refractive light diffusion layer including a light diffuser, a high-refractive resin layer, and a low-refractive resin layer on which an optical pattern is formed. The method for manufacturing a color display film includes forming a high-refractive light diffusion layer by coating a resin comprising a diffuser on one surface of a base material layer and hardening the resin, forming a high-refractive resin layer, in which optical patterns are formed, on one surface of the high-refractive light diffusion layer, and forming a low-refractive resin layer having optical patterns formed on one surface thereof by coating a low-refractive transparent resin on a surface of the high-refractive resin layer in which the optical patterns are formed and hardening the resin.

Abstract: An apparatus for chemically toughening glass which can toughen the surface of the glass by inducing compressive stress on the glass surface through ion exchange and a method of chemically toughening glass using the same. The apparatus includes a chemical toughening bath which chemically toughens the glass; a transportation part which transports the glass from upstream of the chemical toughening bath through the chemical toughening bath to downstream of the chemical toughening bath; and a microwave generator disposed above the chemical toughening bath, the microwave generator radiating microwaves to the glass.

Abstract: Optical films, and organic light-emitting display devices employing the same, include a high refractive index pattern layer including a lens pattern region and a non-pattern region alternately formed, wherein the lens pattern region includes a plurality of grooves each having a depth larger than a width thereof, and the non-pattern region has no pattern; and a low refractive index pattern layer formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the high refractive index pattern layer, wherein the low refractive index pattern includes a plurality of filling portions filling the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a light emitting device includes a transparent substrate and a transparent electrode on the transparent substrate, the transparent electrode comprising at least two transparent electrode layers, the at least two transparent electrode layers being successively stacked and having different refractive indices, the refractive index of one of the at least two transparent electrode layers that is closer to the transparent substrate being higher than the refractive index of the other one of the at least two transparent electrode layers. The light emitting device further includes a light emission layer on the transparent electrode and a reflective electrode on the light emission layer.

Abstract: A metal oxide thin film substrate for an organic light-emitting device (OLED) which exhibits superior light extraction efficiency and can be easily fabricated at low cost and a method of fabricating the same and a method of fabricating the same. The metal oxide thin film substrate for an OLED includes a base substrate and a metal oxide thin film formed on the base substrate, the metal oxide thin film being made of a mixture of at least two metal oxides having different refractive indices.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor includes a metal electrode and a zinc oxide-based barrier film that blocks a material from diffusing out of the metal electrode. The zinc oxide-based barrier film is made of zinc oxide doped with indium oxide, the content of the indium oxide ranging, by weight, 1 to 50 percent of the zinc oxide-based barrier film. A zinc oxide-based sputtering target for deposition of a barrier film of a thin-film transistor is made of zinc oxide doped with indium oxide, the content of the indium oxide ranging, by weight, 1 to 50 percent of the zinc oxide-based sputtering target.

Abstract: A substrate for an organic light-emitting device which can improve the light extraction efficiency of an organic light-emitting device while realizing an intended level of transmittance, a method of fabricating the same, and an organic light-emitting device having the same. Light emitted from the OLED is emitted outward through the substrate. The substrate includes a substrate body and a number of crystallized particles disposed inside the substrate body, the number of crystallized particles forming a pattern inside the substrate body.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring transmissivity of a patterned glass substrate. A beam radiator radiates a laser beam. A collimation lens collimates the laser beam radiated from the laser beam radiator. A beam expander expands a size of the laser beam collimated by the collimation lens. A detector has a light-receiving section, which receives the laser beam that has passed through the patterned glass substrate after having been expanded by the beam expander. A measuring instrument measures a transmissivity of the patterned glass substrate using the laser beam received by the detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring transmittance which can realize reliability for measurement of the transmittance of a piece of patterned glass by post dispersion of light. The apparatus includes a light source which is disposed in front of an object that is to be measured, and directs light into the object. An integrating sphere is disposed in the rear of the light source and integrating light incident thereinto. The object is mounted on the front portion of the integrating sphere. A light dispersing part is disposed in the rear of the integrating sphere, and disperses light that has been integrated by and then emitted from the integrating sphere. An optical receiver is disposed adjacent to the light dispersing part, and receives light that has been dispersed by the light dispersing part.

Abstract: A thermochromic window doped with a dopant and a method of manufacturing the same. The thermochromic window includes a substrate and a thermochromic thin film formed on the substrate. The thermochromic thin film has a thermochromic material doped with a dopant, the concentration of the dopant gradually decreasing in a depth direction from one surface of the upper surface and the undersurface of the thermochromic thin film. The thermochromic window has a high level of visible light transmittance and high phase change efficiency while having a low phase transition temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the transmittance of a piece of cover glass for a photovoltaic cell which can measure an accurate transmittance irrespective of whether or not the cover glass has a pattern and irrespective of the shape of the pattern. The apparatus includes a light source part disposed in front of the piece of cover glass. The light source part directs light into the piece of cover glass. A detector is disposed in the rear of the piece of cover glass, and detects light that has been directed into the piece of cover glass and then has passed through the piece of cover glass. The detector is disposed within a range where the intensity of the light that has passed through the piece of cover glass is uniform.

Abstract: An optical film for reducing color shift in an LCD is disposed in front of a liquid crystal panel of the LCD. The optical film includes a background layer, a plurality of engraved lens sections formed in the background layer such that the engraved lens sections are spaced apart from each other, and packed portions, each of the packed portions being disposed inside a respective one of the engraved lens sections. The refractive index of the packed portions is different from that of the background layer. The packed portions are partially packed inside the engraved lens sections. The refractive index of the packed portions is greater than that of the background layer. The background layer and the packed portions are made of transparent polymer resin.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-layered graphene film, a method of manufacturing the multi-layered graphene film, and an energy storage device using the multi-layered graphene film as an electrode. The multi-layered graphene film includes a first graphene layer, a spacer layer provided on the first graphene layer, and an upper graphene layer provided on the spacer layer. The spacer layer is provided to maintain a desired distance between the first graphene layer and the upper graphene layer. A plurality of layers with different layer configurations are further provided between the spacer layer and the upper graphene layer. The spacer layer may a graphene or a graphene oxide layer.

Abstract: A zinc oxide precursor for use in deposition of a zinc oxide-based thin film contains a zincocene having the following formula or a derivative thereof: where R1 and R2 are hydrogen or CnH2n+1. The n is a number selected from 1 to 3, and the R1 and R2 is one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group and an i-propyl group. A method of depositing a zinc oxide-based thin film includes the following steps of: loading a substrate into a deposition chamber; and supplying the above-described zinc oxide precursor and an oxidizer into the deposition chamber and forming a zinc oxide-based thin film on the substrate via chemical vapor deposition. In an exemplary embodiment, the zinc oxide-based thin film may be formed on the substrate via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a patterned substrate, with which the optical performance of a photovoltaic cell including an organic solar cell and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) can be improved. The method includes generating electrostatic force on a surface of a substrate by treating the substrate with electrolytes, causing nano-particles to be adsorbed on the surface of the substrate, etching the surface of the substrate using the nano-particles as an etching mask, and removing the nano-particles residing on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A porous glass substrate for displays and a method of manufacturing the same, with which the optical characteristics of a display such as an organic light-emitting device (OLED) can be improved. The porous glass substrate includes a glass substrate and a porous layer formed in at least one portion of one surface of the glass substrate and extending into the glass substrate, the refractive index of the porous layer being smaller than the refractive index of the glass substrate. The porous layer has a plurality of pores which is formed in the glass substrate such that at least one component of the glass substrate except for silicon dioxide (SiO2) is eluted from the glass substrate.

Abstract: A zipper-type loading container for transporting glass substrates in which an increased number of glass substrates can be loaded for transport, thereby increasing the convenience of workers. The loading container for transporting glass substrates includes a loading frame having a loading surface, which supports the lower end of the glass substrates, and a backing surface, which supports the rear surface of a batch of the glass substrates. A cover frame is provided on the loading frame, and slides on the loading frame in forward and backward directions of the loading frame, and cover the upper end and the sides of the glass substrates. A zipper-type opening/closing sheet is provided on the front portion of the cover frame, and opens and closes the front portion of the cover frame.