Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a cell array comprising cells, each including a transistor, a power rail in a power rail layer under the cell array, the power rail providing power to the cell array, and contacts between the cell array and the power rail. Each contact extends downward from a source of a transistor of a corresponding one of the cells to the power rail.

Abstract: A video decoding method includes obtaining split information indicating whether to split a current block, splitting the current block into two or more lower blocks when the split information indicates to split the current block, obtaining encoding order information indicating an encoding order of the lower blocks of the current block, determining a decoding order of the lower blocks according to the encoding order information, and decoding the lower blocks according to the decoding order.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a device isolation layer on a substrate and defining an active region; and a word line structure in a gate trench defined by the device isolation layer and the active region. The word line structure may include a word line on a gate dielectric layer. The word line may include a second material layer including a doped semiconductor material on a first material layer, may have a first region having a first width and a second region having a second width, which may be wider than the first width. The second material layer may include a first material portion in the first region and a second material portion in the second region. The doped semiconductor material may be a first concentration in the first material portion and a second concentration in the second material portion, which may be lower than the first concentration.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a device isolation layer in a substrate to define active regions, forming a conductive layer on the active regions, forming first mask patterns intersecting the active regions on the conductive layer, etching the conductive layer using the first mask patterns as etch masks to form bit lines, growing second mask patterns from top surfaces of the first mask patterns, and performing a patterning process using the second mask patterns as etch masks to form contact holes exposing the active regions between the bit lines.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a gate structure and a contact plug. The gate structure extends in a first direction parallel to the substrate, and includes a first conductive pattern, a second conductive pattern and a gate mask sequentially stacked. The contact plug contacts an end portion in the first direction of the gate structure, and includes a first extension portion extending in a vertical direction and contacting sidewalls of the gate mask and the second conductive pattern, a second extension portion under and contacting the first extension portion and a sidewall of the first conductive pattern, and a protrusion portion under and contacting the second extension portion. A bottom of the protrusion portion does not contact the first conductive pattern. A first slope of a sidewall of the first extension portion is greater than a second slope of a sidewall of the second extension portion.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device may include a substrate; a plurality of insulating layers stacked on the substrate; a plurality of gate electrodes between the plurality of insulating layers; a plurality of ferroelectric layers in contact with the plurality of gate electrodes; a plurality of intermediate electrodes in contact with the plurality of ferroelectric layers and protruding from side surfaces of the plurality of insulating layers; a gate insulating layer in contact with the plurality of intermediate electrodes and the plurality of insulating layers; and a channel layer in contact with the gate insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of managing a filter apparatus a filter apparatus positionable outside a washing machine and connectable to a drain device of the washing machine to filter water discharged from the washing machine, the method comprising: storing, by a server, information of the washing machine; registering, by the server, the filter apparatus in association with a user account based on receiving a registration request signal to register the filter apparatus; and transmitting, by the server, the information of the washing machine to the filter apparatus based on the filter apparatus being registered in association with the user account.

Abstract: A differential video rendering system, including a graphics processing unit (GPU); a graphical display coupled to the GPU; a video decoder configured to decode a bitstream of encoded data into a plurality of sets of decoded blocks; at least one processor configured to: generate, based on a first set of the plurality of sets of decoded blocks, a first differential video frame comprising a plurality of sets of differential regions, normalize each set of the plurality of sets of differential regions to a fixed size block to provide a normalized plurality of sets of differential regions, map a respective set of the normalized plurality of sets of differential regions to align with a respective tile size region of a plurality of tile size regions conforming with the GPU, generate a hierarchal region tree based on the normalized plurality of sets of differential regions mapped to the plurality of tile size regions, and generate a plurality of optimal regions based on the hierarchal region tree satisfying a predefin

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include gate electrodes spaced apart from each other in a first direction on a substrate and including pads in a stepped shape, a channel extending through the gate electrodes, a first through via, first and second separation insulating layers, and an insulating pattern. The gate electrodes may include second gate electrodes below a first gate electrode. The first through via may pass through and electrically connect to a first pad of the first gate electrode, pass through the second gate electrodes, and include a connection portion connected to a conductive pillar. The connection portion may contact the first pad. The first separation insulating layer may be on an upper surface of the connection portion. The second separation insulating layer may be on a bottom surface of the connection portion. The insulating pattern may be between the first through via and sidewalls of the second gate electrodes.

Abstract: There is provided a method for providing a target position for a robotic speaker in an environment. The method includes receiving sensor information from one or more sensors related to the environment, obtaining at least one of initiation gesture information, position information, and face direction information based on the sensor information, the face direction information related to one or more users present in the environment, obtaining the target position of the robotic speaker in the environment by performing a calibration process based on the at least one of initiation gesture information, position information, or face direction information and one or more and acoustic properties of the environment, and positioning the robotic speaker at the target position.

Abstract: A robot and a method of controlling same is provided, the robot including: first and second fingers, where finger comprises: a contact part; a light emitter configured to radiate light toward the contact part; a camera configured to capture an image of the respective contact part; and a polarization filter between the light emitter and the contact part, wherein the polarization filters are configured to pass light polarized in a first or second direction based on a voltage applied, and wherein the first and second directions are perpendicular to one another; a driver configured to move the first finger and the second finger; and at least one processor connected with the components of the first and second fingers and the driver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: obtain images via the first and second cameras by controlling an activation state of at least one of the light emitters and the polarization filters, and based on identifying the presence of an object positioned between the contact p

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a first sensor configured to measure a skin temperature of skin of a user; a second sensor configured to measure heat flux transmitted from the skin to a main body of the electronic device; a third sensor configured to measure a heart rate of the user; and a processor configured to estimate a rate of core body temperature change based on the skin temperature measured at a first time and a second time, the heat flux, the heart rate, and the skin temperature.

Abstract: A mobile robot, and a method of controlling the mobile robot, the mobile robot including a communication interface configured to communicate with a beacon; a metal sensor configured to detect a metal guide connected to a charging station; and a controller configured to control the communication interface to communicate with the beacon to obtain position information of the mobile robot, obtain a distance between the mobile robot and the charging station based on the obtained position information of the mobile robot and indoor map information, and based on the obtained distance being less than a first reference distance, operate the metal sensor to detect the metal guide.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature when an object comes into contact with a contact surface of a main body of the electronic device; a second temperature sensor spaced apart from the first temperature sensor in a direction opposite the contact surface and configured to measure a second temperature; and a processor configured to detect a temperature change due to heat generation inside the main body, and estimate skin surface temperature based on the first temperature, the second temperature, and the temperature change.

Abstract: A mounting equipment includes a frame, a holder on the frame, and includes a holding pin configured to hold a tape reel, and an electric cylinder on the frame, connected to the holder and configured to move a position of the holder.

Abstract: A vacuum suction head may include a holder including a through hole formed therein, a suction pad surrounding at least a portion of a side surface of the holder, and a packing pad on a lower surface of the holder. The suction pad may protrude below a lower surface of the holder. The packing pad may include a cutout part. The cutout part may allow a space between the suction pad and the packing pad such that the space and the through hole may be in fluid communication with each other.

Abstract: A washing machine with a drying function can include a tub, a drum inside the tub and including: a cylindrical body having a rear end opening, and a drum back coupled to the cylindrical body to be over the rear end opening and including: a plurality of recess portions, a plurality of openings between adjacent recess portions and a plurality of porous plates coupled to the plurality of openings, a motor to provide a rotational force to the drum, a flange shaft between the drum and the motor to transmit the rotational force of the motor to the drum and including: a hub, and a plurality of flange portions extending radially from the hub, a drying duct configured to supply heated air into the tub, and an exhaust duct configured to return the heated air from the tub through the plurality of porous plates to the drying duct.

Abstract: A clothes treating system including a first clothes treating apparatus including a first housing, and the first housing including a sliding guide portion on an upper surface of the first housing, and a leg seating portion at an end of the sliding guide portion; and a second clothes treating apparatus including a second housing, and the second housing including a leg on a rear side of a lower surface of the second housing. The first clothes treating apparatus and the second clothes treating apparatus are configured so that the leg is slidable along the sliding guide portion to seat the leg on the leg seating portion with a lower surface of the leg being below the upper surface of the first housing, to couple the second clothes treating apparatus to the first clothes treating apparatus with the second clothes treating apparatus above the first clothes treating apparatus.

Abstract: A method of controlling a clothes treating system including a first clothes treating apparatus electrically connected to a second clothes treating apparatus, the method including obtaining information about an operation course of the first clothes treating apparatus and an operation course of the second clothes treating apparatus; identifying a priority between the operation course of the first clothes treating apparatus and the operation course of the second clothes treating apparatus based on the obtained information about the operation course of the first clothes treating apparatus and the obtained information about the operation course of the second clothes treating apparatus; and changing an algorithm of the operation course of the first clothes treating apparatus or the operation course of the second clothes treating apparatus based on the identified priority between the operation courses of the first clothes treating apparatus and the second clothes treating apparatus.

Abstract: A clothes treating system includes a first clothes treating apparatus including a first drum, a first controller configured to control an operation of the first drum, and a diagnostic port; and a second clothes treating apparatus including a second drum, and a second controller configured to control an operation of the second drum.