Abstract: A single crystal semiconductor structure includes: an amorphous substrate; a single crystal semiconductor layer provided on the amorphous substrate; and a thin orienting film provided between the amorphous substrate and the single crystal semiconductor layer, wherein the thin orienting film is a single crystal thin film, and the thin orienting film has a non-zero thickness that is equal to or less than 10 times a critical thickness hc.

Abstract: An advertisement mediating system includes: a communicator configured to receive, from a first device, information about content into which an advertisement is to be inserted and information about an inventory included in the content, and transmitting, to one or more second devices, the information about the content and the information about the inventory; a memory storing one or more instructions; and a processor configured to execute the one or more instructions stored in the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute the one or more instruction to perform, when a request for inserting the advertisement into the inventory is received from the one or more second devices, a control operation of selecting advertisement content from among a plurality of pieces of advertisement content corresponding to the one or more second devices, receiving the selected advertisement content, and transmitting the advertisement content to a third device that executes the content.

Abstract: A single crystal semiconductor includes a strain compensation layer; an amorphous substrate disposed on the strain compensation layer; a lattice matching layer disposed on the amorphous substrate and including two or more single crystal layers; and a single crystal semiconductor layer disposed on the lattice matching layer, the lattice matching layer including a direction control film disposed on the amorphous substrate and including a single crystal structure, and a buffer layer including a material different from that of the direction control film, the buffer layer being disposed on the direction control film and including a single crystal structure.

Abstract: A single crystal semiconductor structure includes: an amorphous substrate; a single crystal semiconductor layer provided on the amorphous substrate; and a thin orienting film provided between the amorphous substrate and the single crystal semiconductor layer, wherein the thin orienting film is a single crystal thin film, and the thin orienting film has a non-zero thickness that is equal to or less than 10 times a critical thickness hc.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a pair of active patterns spaced apart from each other in a first direction, a pair of gate electrodes intersecting the pair of the active patterns in a second direction crossing the first direction, gate spacers on sidewalls of the pair of the active patterns, source/drain regions on the pair active patterns between the pair of the gate electrodes, and a spacer protection pattern between the pair of the gate electrodes and between the pair of the active patterns. The spacer protection pattern may be commonly connected to the gate spacers.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for allocating a code for inter-Base Station (BS) coordinated communications in a radio communication system. The method includes grouping terminals, at least more than a predetermined number of whose transmit and receive beams indicated by the terminals' respective favorite beam configuration information correspond to each other, in a same group; and allocating unique codes to terminals in the same group and sending information regarding the allocated code to each of the terminals.

Abstract: A method of improving frequency diversity of a signal that includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols comprises receiving an input data sequence, mapping the input data sequence to a transmission data sequence, wherein the mapping includes performing a mapping operation and generating an OFDM symbol using the transmission data sequence. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter comprises an interface configured to receive an input data sequence, and a processor configured to perform a mapping operation, to map the input data sequence to a transmission data sequence wherein the mapping includes performing the mapping operation, and to generate an OFDM symbol using the transmission data sequence.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting an optical component that stably and precisely mounts the optical component for reflecting or permeating a beam emitted from a light source on a frame, and a laser scanner and an image forming device having the same, respectively. The laser scanner includes a light source, a reflective mirror to reflect a beam emitted from the light source, a supporting surface to support the reflective mirror in a predetermined orientation, and at least one horizontal reference surface and at least one vertical reference surface disposed in the supporting surface to provide reference surfaces for measuring a reflective point of the reflective mirror.

Abstract: A laminated actuator arm of a hard disk drive. The actuator arm can be laminated with a relatively stiff material and a low density material. The stiff material can provide structural integrity for the arm. The low density material may be a damping material that damps shock and vibration energy transmitted into the arm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device and method for managing time information in a mobile communication terminal. To this end, the present invention provides a plan in which time information of a terminal can be automatically set with the local time of a corresponding time zone as a reference in accordance with a user's selection in a communication network, and a schedule can be exchanged with the universal time as a reference when it is necessary to share the schedule containing time information between terminals in different time zones.

Abstract: A method of improving frequency diversity of a signal that includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols comprises receiving an input data sequence, mapping the input data sequence to a transmission data sequence, wherein the mapping includes performing a mapping operation and generating an OFDM symbol using the transmission data sequence. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter comprises an interface configured to receive an input data sequence, and a processor configured to perform a mapping operation, to map the input data sequence to a transmission data sequence wherein the mapping includes performing the mapping operation, and to generate an OFDM symbol using the transmission data sequence.

Abstract: A photosensitive drum structure for an image forming apparatus using a photosensitive belt. The photosensitive drum structure includes a rotary drum, and a photosensitive belt which is wound on the rotary drum by an adhesive. Here, both ends of the photosensitive belt are overlapped to form a joint on the rotary drum. An inexpensive photosensitive belt is wound on the rotary drum. Thus, the photosensitive drum can be manufactured at a low cost. A joint contacts a cleaning blade at a point and a coating is formed to coat an exposed step of the joint to considerably reduce shocks between the joint and the cleaning blade, thereby prolonging the life of the photosensitive drum and the cleaning blade.

Abstract: In a multi-tasking computing system environment, one program is halted and context switched out so that a processor may context switch in a subsequent program for execution. Processor state information exists which reflects the state of the program being context switched out. Storage of this processor state information permits successful resumption of the context switched out program. When the context switched out program is subsequently context switched in, the stored processor information is loaded in preparation for successfully resuming the program at the point in which execution was previously halted. Although, large areas of memory can be allocated to processor state information storage, only a portion of this may need to be preserved across a context switch for successfully saving and resuming the context switched out program.

Abstract: A latch for an actuator arm of a hard disk drive. The latch includes a damping sleeve that is molded onto a steel plate. The sleeve has a pair of collars located at opposite ends of a neck portion. The neck portion is inserted into a plastic fantail portion of an actuator arm. The steel plate becomes attached to a magnetized member of the drive when the actuator arm is rotated to an unloaded position. The attachment of the plate, latches the position of the actuator arm and prevents the disk drive heads from moving onto the data sectors of the disk. The latch is located on the longitudinal center axis of the actuator arm so that the latch does not create a twisting vibrational mode on the arm. The steel plate is located away from the voice coil magnets of the disk drive so that the latch does not create a biasing force on the arm. The latch can be assembled to the actuator arm by merely pressing the damping sleeve into an aperture of a tab that extends from the fantail of the arm.

Abstract: A crash stop is used for an actuator arm of a hard disk drive. The crash stop includes a base portion that is pivotally connected to a post that separates the magnets of a voice coil motor. Extending from the base portion is a tab portion that can be rotated between a first position and a second position. When in the second position the tab limits the movement of the actuator arm so that the sliders of the disk drive cannot move off of the disks. The actuator arm, voice coil motor and crash stop can be installed by initially placing the crash stop in the first position and orienting the actuator arm in an off disk position. The actuator arm and voice coil motor are then mounted to a base plate of the disk drive. The actuator arm is rotated to load the magnetic heads onto the disks of the disk drive. The crash stop is then rotated to the second position and a cover is subsequently attached to the base plate to enclose the assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the flying height of a recording head that is separated from a rotating disk by an air bearing. The recording head has a trailing edge that extends from an interface of a substrate. The trailing edge has an embedded read/write element and an outer tip. The recording head is loaded into a flying height tester that can measure the distance between the disk and any point on the head. The flying height tester contains a transparent disk that is rotated to create an air bearing between the head and the disk. The outer tip is separated from the disk by an air bearing height h.sub.m. The read/write element is separated from the disk by an air bearing height h.sub.g. The substrate interface is separated from the disk by an air bearing height h.sub.i. The flying height tester measures the height h.sub.g to obtain the distance between the read/write element and the disk.

Abstract: A slider which has a totally reflective surface that can be used by an optical measuring system to measure the air bearing height of a head gimbal assembly ("HGA"). The slider has a rail with a recess area. The rail is coated with a first film that is thin enough to allow a light beam to transmit through the film and reflect from an interface within the slider. The recess contains a second film that does not transmit light so that a directed light beam is totally reflected from the second film. The outer air bearing surface of the first film is separated from the outer surface of the second film by a height H which is measured before the HGA is tested. The HGA is then placed adjacent to a rotating disk to create an air bearing with a height Hp. The outer surface of the second film is separated from the disk by a height Hv. An optical system directs a light beam into the recess to measure the height Hv between the disk and the outer surface of the second film.

Abstract: In a system bus having a master-slave architecture, shared memory controlled by a plurality of registers, master-slave central processing units, and master-slave bus controllers, a process of reading and writing data to the shared memory is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of requesting access to the shared memory by the central processing units by writing a request bit on a first register; reading an access bit on a second register to determine whether the access bit is set and access to shared memory is granted; reading or writing data to the shared memory by the central processing units; and reading the access bit on the second register to determine whether the access bit is cleared and access to the shared memory is complete. The access bit is set by the master-slave bus controller.

Abstract: A balanced spin motor assembly of a hard disk drive. The spin motor includes a spindle that is mounted to a base plate of the disk drive by a plurality of mounting screws that are attached to mounting holes of the spindle and base plate. At least one recording disk is attached to a hub assembly that rotates relative to the spindle. The hub assembly contains magnets that are coupled to a coil located within the motor. Energizing the coil with a current creates a torque that rotates the hub and spins the disks. The hub assembly has a plurality of equally spaced threaded apertures located at a top portion and a bottom portion of the hub. The spin motor can be balanced by attaching weight screws to the threaded apertures of the hub. Weight screws can be attached to the bottom portion of the hub through the mounting holes of the base plate and the spindle. Accessing the hub through the mounting holes allows the spin motor to be dynamically balanced while attached to the base plate of the drive.

Abstract: A system for cross conversion of plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) data is disclosed. A PDH DS3 signal is received and demultiplexed into 28 DS1 data. ATM adaptation layer modules convert the 28 DS1 data to ATM cell streams. The ATM cell streams are multiplexed into a single ATM MUX cell stream and then multiplexed with another cell stream. A router receives the combined multiplexed cell stream, adds a header field, and outputs an ATM cell. The system functions to also convert the ATM cell data to DS3 PDH data using the same basic components.