Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including an active region, a gate structure disposed in a gate trench in the substrate, a bit line disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the active region on one side of the gate structure, and a capacitor disposed on the bit line and electrically connected to the active region on another side of the gate structure. The gate structure includes a gate dielectric layer disposed on bottom and inner side surfaces of the gate trench, a conductive layer disposed on the gate dielectric layer in a lower portion of the gate trench, sidewall insulating layers disposed on the gate dielectric layer, on an upper surface of the conductive layer, a graphene conductive layer disposed on the conductive layer, and a buried insulating layer disposed between the sidewall insulating layers on the graphene conductive layer.

Abstract: A method of and device for providing help information are provided. The method includes identifying information about a function from a video displaying the function and meta-information related to the video; determining whether the user device supports the function based on the identified information; activating, when the user device supports the function, a help function for the function; and outputting help information about the function. The device includes a touch screen; and a controller configured to identify information about a function from a video displaying the function and meta-information related to the video; determine whether the user device supports the function based on the identified information; activate, when the user device supports the function, a help function for the function; and control the touch screen to output help information about the function.

Abstract: A method and system for sharing activities of devices enabling sharing of various Social Network Services (SNS) based user activities and enabling a shared activity to be directly performed by a user device by collecting, by a first device, information on activities performed by a user of the first device, providing, by the first device, the collected activity information for sharing, and performing, by a second device, an event depending on the shared activity information provided by the first device.

Abstract: A method of communication for a terminal in a content-centric network is provided. The method includes suspending a data message associated with a content from being provided to a face before a handover when the handover is expected to occur in the terminal that requests the content, and transmitting, to a hub, a new interest message after the handover associated with the content so that the hub may provide the data message associated with the content to the face after the handover.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating a semiconductor device include forming a deposited film on a semiconductor substrate in a process chamber by repeatedly forming unit layers on the semiconductor substrate. The unit layer is formed by forming a preliminary unit layer on the semiconductor substrate by supplying a process material including a precursor material and film-control material into the process chamber, purging the process chamber, forming a unit layer from the preliminary unit layer, and again purging the process chamber. The precursor material includes a central atom and a ligand bonded to the central atom, and the film-control material includes a hydride of the ligand.

Abstract: Provided is an emotion information generating apparatus that is capable of recognizing a user's emotional state for each function of a terminal. The emotion information generating apparatus detects a user's emotional state and maps the user's emotional state to a function of the terminal, thus creating emotion information.

Abstract: Provided is a data processing apparatus that may include a storage unit, a first calculator, and a second calculator. The storage unit may store a plurality of training data obtained by motion sensing. The first calculator may calculate a first transformation matrix by performing a regression analysis for the plurality of training data. The second calculator may calculate first output data by applying the first transformation matrix to first input data.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device and method of fabricating the semiconductor memory device. The semiconductor device may be formed by forming a first welding groove along outside edges of one case of a pair of upper and lower cases, forming a first welding protrusion along outside edges of the other case, the first welding protrusion being formed to correspond to the first welding groove and having a volume larger than a volume of the first welding groove. The method may further include inserting the first welding protrusion into the first welding groove to enclose a memory module in an inner accommodating space of the upper and lower cases, melting the first welding protrusion so that a first portion of the first welding protrusion fills the first welding groove and a second portion of the first welding protrusion fills a space between welding portions of the upper case and the lower case, and solidifying the first and second portions of the first welding protrusion.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of enhancing a ray tracing speed. The method of enhancing a ray tracing speed may group a secondary ray based on a direction of the secondary ray in a 3D space, and may perform packet tracing based on the grouped secondary ray.

Abstract: Feedback methods and apparatuses are provided for efficiently feeding back downlink Channel State Information (CSI) using limited information in a DAS-based wireless communication system.

Abstract: A memory module includes: an ODT circuit on a memory device and including pull-up and pull-down resistors connected between pull-up and pull-down transistors. A data masking (DM) pad is provided in a tap region of the module board. A current leakage monitoring unit is also provided and receives a ground state signal from the DM pad and a bit configuration signal from the memory device and disables the pull-up transistors to cut off a current path between the pull-up resistors of the ODT circuit and the DM pad during a ODT enable mode.

Abstract: A control method of an image forming apparatus which includes a developer supply unit supplying a toner and a developing unit accommodating therein a two-component developer having the toner supplied by the developer supply unit and a carrier mixed, the control method including: performing a print operation according to a print command; calculating an average toner consumption volume of the image at a preset first interval; determining a value of a first parameter according to the calculated average toner consumption volume by using a table storing therein in advance the value of the first parameter for a timing of starting mixing of the developer corresponding to the average toner consumption volume; determining whether to start the mixing by using the determined value of the first parameter; and suspending the print operation according to the determination result and mixing the two-component developer accommodated in the developing unit.

Abstract: A side key connection device of a mobile terminal simplifies a connection structure between a side key and a main circuit board. The mobile terminal includes a side key and a row and column terminal pad. The mobile terminal also includes a side key connection device installed between the side key and the row and column terminal pad. The side key connection device is electrically connected to the side key and the row and column terminal pad. Thereby, by simplifying a connection structure of a side key, a key cost, an assembly process, and a surface mounting cost can be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a control method of clothing dryer that sprays an appropriate amount of mist based on the amount of clothing and dries the clothing at a fiber rearrangement temperature to remove wrinkles from the clothing. Standard regain of clothing is confirmed, mist is sprayed such that an amount of mist equivalent to approximately twice the standard regain reaches the clothing, and the clothing is dried at the fiber rearrangement temperature, whereby wrinkles are removed from the clothing.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus manages DRM (digital rights management) content with a forward lock so that the DRM content can also be used in other devices. The method comprises receiving DRM content with a forward lock from a content provider server. The DRM content is encoded by using an encoding key based on a user input such that the encoded DRM content cannot be decoded by another device without the encoding key. The encoded DRM content is transmitted to another mobile device after establishing a communication channel with the other mobile device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for allocating resources of a Visible Light Communication (VLC) terminal in a VLC system. The VLC terminal receives a beacon message from a base station, coordinates time synchronization with the base station, searches for an available wavelength channel, constructs available wavelength channel information, and transmits an initial access request using a basic time slot channel and a basic wavelength channel. The base station considers the available wavelength channel information and a current channel allocation condition, allocates an appropriate channel, and transmits channel allocation information to the VLC terminal. The VLC terminal and the base station communicate data with each other using an allocated time slot channel included in the channel allocation information and an allocated wavelength channel included in the channel allocation information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating and processing a packet are provided. In the method of processing a packet, a packet including main data, an identifier representing the type of the main data, and packet information corresponding to information on other packets that will have the same identifier as the identifier is received, the identifier and the packet information are extracted from the received packet, and the main data is selectively extracted from the packet based on the extracted identifier.

Abstract: A method for displaying extra information and a video apparatus thereof. The method includes displaying the image, receiving a user's command to display the extra information on a specific area of the display, and displaying the extra information on the specific area, and shifting the image out of the specific area, such that a portion of the image is displayed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of differentially coding uncompressed AV data. A method for transmitting uncompressed AV data according to an embodiment of the invention includes grouping bits of the uncompressed AV data into a plurality of groups according to significance of the bits; determining a code rate for every group; applying error correction coding to each group at the determined code rate; and transmitting the groups to which the error correction coding has been applied.

Abstract: A digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) receiver and a method for notifying location information of the receiver is provided. The DMB receiver stores location information of each gap filler matched to a gap filter identification (GFID), and the gap filler relays digital multimedia broadcasting data transmitted from a satellite. The receiver performs receiving digital multimedia broadcasting data from the gap filler, detects the GFID of the gap filler from the received digital multimedia broadcasting data, detects location information of the gap filler by using the GFID and outputs the location information. Therefore, a user in motion may watch DMB without any risk of missing a destination.