Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of a fully synthetic heavy fuel oil, said process including at least fractionation of hydrocarbons obtained from the hydroconversion of C5 and heavier Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process products to obtain a product that is heavier than a middle distillate and has an ASTM D86 cut-off temperature in excess of 350° C. Further, the invention provides a fuel made in accordance with the process.

Abstract: The invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel refining process which has a jet fuel yield in excess of 60% by mass, said process including at least four of the following Five conversion processes: a. hydrocracking one or more of a FT kerosene and heavier material fraction and a C9 and heavier FT Syncrude fraction; b. oligomerising an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range C2 to C8; c. hydrotreating one or more of an FT syncrude fraction, a product from process b., and an alkylated FT syncrude fraction; d. aromatizing one or more of an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range C2 to C8, a product from process a., a product from process b, a product from process c., and a product from an aromatic alkylation process; and e. alkylating one or more of an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the C2 to C6 range, a product from process b., and a product from process d.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of reducing the propensity of a diesel fuel composition to take up zinc when exposed to zinc during storage and/or transportation, the method comprising formulating a diesel fuel composition to be stored or transported in contact with zinc such that said diesel fuel composition has an aniline point greater than 80° C.

Abstract: A process for producing jet fuel comprising the following steps: A.1) separating at least a portion of the C9 to C15 fraction from the product of a hydrocarbon synthesis process; A.2) converting at least a part of the separated C9 to C15 fraction to aromatic hydrocarbons; A.3) obtaining a jet fuel comprising the, optionally further treated, converted separated C9 to C15 fraction of step A.2); B.1) separating at least a portion of the C16+ fraction from the product of a hydrocarbon synthesis process; B.2) reducing the average number of carbon atoms of at least a portion of the separated C16+ fraction; B.3) optionally, separating the C9 to C15 fraction of at least a portion from the product obtained from step B.2); and B.4) adding at least a portion of the C9 to C15 fraction separated in step B.3), if present; or at least a portion of the product of step B.2).

Abstract: The invention provides the use of a highly paraffinic distillate fuel in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the formation of injector nozzle deposits when combusted in a diesel engine having a high pressure fuel injection system, wherein the distillate fuel has an aromatics content less than 0.1 wt %, a sulfur content less than 10 ppm and a paraffinic content of at least 70 wt %, such that the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behavior of 70% or less and a density of more than 0.815 g. cm?3 (at 15° C.).

Abstract: The invention provides a blend of FT derived diesel, crude derived diesel, and CFPP improving additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, said blend having a CFPP of below ?18° C. The invention extends to use of FT diesel as a blend component for a compression ignition fuel blend, said blend including the FT diesel, a crude derived diesel fuel and a CFPP improver additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, which blend has a CFPP of below ?20° C.

Abstract: A process for producing jet fuel comprising the following steps: A.1) separating at least a portion of the C9 to C15 fraction from the product of a hydrocarbon synthesis process; A.2) converting at least a part of the separated C9 to C15 fraction to aromatic hydrocarbons; A.3) obtaining a jet fuel comprising the, optionally further treated, converted separated C9 to C15 fraction of step A.2); B.1) separating at least a portion of the C16+ fraction from the product of a hydrocarbon synthesis process; B.2) reducing the average number of carbon atoms of at least a portion of the separated C16+ fraction; B.3) optionally, separating the C9 to C15 fraction of at least a portion from the product obtained from step B.2); and B.4) adding at least a portion of the C9 to C15 fraction separated in step B.3), if present; or at least a portion of the product of step B.2).

Abstract: The invention provides a fully synthetic aviation fuel or aviation fuel component having: a total naphthenic content of more than 30 mass %, a mass ratio of naphthenic to iso-paraffinic hydrocarbon species of more than 1 and less than 15, a density (at 15° C.) of greater than 0.775 g·cm-3, but less than 0.850 g·cm-3, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of greater than 8 mass %, but less than 20 mass %, a freezing point of less than ?47° C., a lubricity BOCLE WSD value of less than 0.85 mm. The invention further provides for the preparation of a fully synthetic coal-derived aviation fuel or aviation fuel component by blending a LFTF and a tar derived blend component. The invention extends to a method of producing a coal-derived, fully synthetic aviation fuel or aviation fuel component from coal gasifier tar and an LTLF derived fraction.

Abstract: The invention provides a blend of FT derived diesel, crude derived diesel, and CFPP improving additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, said blend having a CFPP of below ?18° C. The invention extends to use of FT diesel as a blend component for a compression ignition fuel blend, said blend including the FT diesel, a crude derived diesel fuel and a CFPP improver additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, which blend has a CFPP of below ?20° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of operating a diesel engine under oxygen-limited conditions such that the efficiency of the engine is at least 1% improved over the engine efficiency obtained when using a conventional crude-derived diesel fuel, said method including the combustion of a distillate fuel having a density of below 0.800 g.cm?3 in the engine. The invention extends to the use of a distillate fuel with a density less than 0.800 g.cm?3 (at 20° C.) for achieving increased engine efficiency when operating a diesel engine under oxygen-limited conditions, said use including combusting said fuel such that the efficiency of the engine is at least 1% improved over the engine efficiency obtained when using a conventional crude-derived diesel fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Fischer-Tropsch derived aviation fuel, which fuel is used either as a fuel on its own or as a component in an aviation fuel blend, said fuel having an iso:n paraffins mass ratio above 3, at least 0.1 mass % naphthenes, <0.01 mass % polyaromatics, and <0.5 mass % aromatics.

Abstract: A process vessel is provided for separating a multi-component stream. The process vessel includes an inlet for permitting introduction of reaction water stream into the vessel and an outlet for withdrawing a water-rich phase from the vessel. The vessel further includes a plurality of draw-off points for drawing off a phase rich in suspended hydrocarbons from the vessel, the draw-off point(s) being located above the outlet.

Abstract: A method of preparing an FT derived diesel composition wherein the FT derived diesel composition has a good response to CFPP improving additives, which good response is achieved by addition of one or more of a FT recycle stream, a crude-oil derived diesel fuel, and a HGO (Heavy Gas Oil) to an FT derived diesel thereby to improve the CFPP improving additive response thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides an amorphous hydrocracking catalyst for conversion of a hydrocarbon feed having a fraction above the diesel boiling range to diesel and a process using said catalyst. The catalyst includes Al203—SiO2 support, a noble catalytically active metal which is active for hydrocracking of a hydrocarbon above the diesel boiling range and a transition metal oxide selected from group V, VI and VII.

Abstract: The invention provides the use of a highly paraffinic distillate fuel in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the formation of injector nozzle deposits when combusted in a diesel engine having a high pressure fuel injection system, wherein the distillate fuel has an aromatics content less than 0.1 wt %, a sulphur content less than 10 ppm and a paraffinic content of at least 70 wt %, such that the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 70% or less and a density of more than 0.815 g.cm?3 (at 15° C.).

Abstract: A fully synthetic aviation fuel or aviation fuel component is provided, having a total naphthenic content of more than 30 mass %, a mass ratio of naphthenic to iso-paraffinic hydrocarbon species of more than 1 and less than 15, a density (at 15° C.) of greater than 0.775 g·cm?3, but less than 0.850 g·cm?3, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of greater than 8 mass %, but less than 20 mass %, a freezing point of less than ?47° C., and a lubricity BOCLE WSD value of less than 0.85 mm. A process for preparing a fully synthetic coal-derived aviation fuel or aviation fuel component by blending a LTFT and a tar derived blend component is also provided, as is a method of producing a coal-derived, fully synthetic aviation fuel or aviation fuel component from coal gasifier tar and an LTFT derived fraction.

Abstract: The invention provides a hydrocarbon composition for use in CI engines, said composition comprising a blend of hydrocarbons derived from a LTFT and from a HTFT process, said LTFT derived hydrocarbon being blended with said HTFT derived hydrocarbon in a volumetric ratio of from 1:20 to 20:1. The invention further provides a process for the production of the hydrocarbon composition and a the fuel composition including, in addition to the hydrocarbon composition, one or more component selected from the group including a crude oil derived diesel fuel, a crude oil derived naphtha, a lubricant or light cycle oil (LCO).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating a compression ignition engine. According to the invention, the engine is operated with a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel containing composition to reduce wearing of the engine cylinder walls compared to operating the engine with petroleum derived fuel.

Abstract: A process vessel is provided for separating a multi-component stream. The process vessel includes an inlet for permitting introduction of reaction water stream into the vessel and an outlet for withdrawing a water-rich phase from the vessel. The vessel further includes a plurality of draw-off points for drawing off a phase rich in suspended hydrocarbons from the vessel, the draw-off point(s) being located above the outlet.

Abstract: The invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel refining process which has a jet fuel yield in excess of 60% by mass, said process including at least four of the following five conversion processes: a. hydrocracking one or more of a FT kerosene and heavier material fraction and a C9 and heavier FT syncrude fraction; b. oligomerising an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range C2 to C8; c. hydrotreating one or more of an FT syncrude fraction, a product from process b., and an alkylated FT syncrude fraction; d. aromatizing one or more of an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range C2 to C8, a product from process a., a product from process b, a product from process c., and a product from an aromatic alkylation process; and e. alkylating one or more of an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the C2 to C6 range, a product from process b., and a product from process d.