Abstract: A method for the refining of glass by means of high temperatures in a skull crucible is provided. The method includes introducing a glass melt in the skull crucible through an inlet disposed at an upper region of the skull crucible, heating the skull crucible by irradiation of high-frequency energy, and discharging the glass melt from the skull crucible through an outlet disposed at the upper region, the outlet being disposed at a place essentially lying opposite the inlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a glass-ceramic with a defined zero crossing of the CTE-T curve (CTE: coefficient of thermal expansion), and glass-ceramic products produced using the process according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a glass body with at least one inner tube which is closed off on one side and one outer tube which is closed off at least on one side, with the inner tube being connected not coaxially with the floor of the outer tube and the inner tube comprising an opening, with the inner tube being fixed in the outer tube in such a way that the outer tube comprises a projecting portion, a floor is formed by the projecting portion on the outer tube, an opening is formed by the removal of the glass on the inner tube, and the outer tube is evacuated at the end and molten off.

Abstract: A method for heating and fixing an inking, particularly a toner powder on a plate-shaped support. Heat is applied and fixes the inking to a coated upper side of the support. The method of this invention can be used to fix and adhere toner inkings on thick-walled supports. In one method step of this invention, the coated upper side and/or an uncoated underside of the plate-shaped support each is subjected to infrared radiation and/or a hot air stream and/or a microwave radiation. At least a portion of the infrared radiation and/or the hot air stream and/or the microwave radiation directed onto the uncoated underside of the support passes through while another portion is absorbed, such as if the support has a high weight per unit area of the support. A ceramic or thermosetting toner forms the applied ink.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method for the quantitative measurement of the pulse laser stability of synthetic fused silica, whereby this method avoids time-consuming and demanding measurements and saves material. First, the absorption of fused silica is measured for different energy densities, and a non-linear function ?1(H) is determined on the basis of the measured values. Second, the fused silica is subject to radiation with a higher energy density up to the point at which a constant absorption value is achieved. In the following, the absorption of the fused silica is measured at different energy densities, and a non-linear function ?2(H) is determined. The difference between the two non-linear functions indicates the increase of absorption that depends on the energy density.

Abstract: The invention relates to the loading of quartz glass objects with hydrogen in an annealing process in a furnace for improving the homogeneity of the refractive index and the laser resistance while, at the same time, maintaining a specified stress birefringence of each of the glass objects. Initially, the distribution of the refractive index, the stress birefringence, the distribution of the hydrogen and the differences in refractive index, which are to the equalized, are determined in the respective glass object, after which the hydrogen change, which is necessary for equalizing the refractive index, is determined. Furthermore, the annealing temperature and its holding time, as well as the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen pressure in the furnace are adjusted to achieve a sufficiently equalized distribution of refractive index.

Abstract: An alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glass having a coefficient of thermal expansion ?20/300 of between 2.8×10?6/K and 3.8×10?6/K, which has the following composition (in % by weight, based on oxide): silicon dioxide (SiO2)>58–65, boric oxide (B2O3)>6–11.5, magnesium oxide (MgO) 4–8, barium oxide (BaO) 0–<0.5, zinc oxide (ZnO) 0–2 and aluminum oxide (Al2O3)>14–25, calcium oxide (CaO) 0–8, strontium oxide (SrO) 2.6–<4, with barium oxide (BaO)+strontium oxide (SrO)>3, or aluminum oxide (Al2O3)>14–25, calcium oxide (CaO) 0–<2, strontium oxide (SrO)>0.5–<4, or aluminum oxide (Al2O3)>21–25, calcium oxide (CaO) 0–8, strontium oxide (SrO)>2.6–<8, with barium oxide (BaO)+strontium oxide (SrO)>3, and which is highly suitable for use as a substrate glass both in display technology and in thin-film photovoltaics.

Abstract: The invention relates to an alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glass having a coefficient of thermal expansion ?20/300 of between 2.8 and 3.9·10?6/K, which has the following composition (in % by weight, based on oxide) : SiO2>58–65, B2O3>6–11.5; Al2O3>14–20, MgO>3–6, CaO>4.5–10, SrO 0–<1.5, BaO>1.5–6, or SrO 0–<4, BaO>2.5–6, respectively, with SrO+BaO>3, ZnO 0–<2, and which is highly suitable for use as a substrate glass both in display technology and in thin-film photovoltaics.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flat float glass that can be prestressed or transformed into a glass ceramic with high quartz mixed crystals or keatite mixed crystals. To eliminate undesirable surface defects during floating and to achieve superior characteristics of the glass or of the glass ceramic, in particular with regard to a low coefficient of thermal expansion and high light transmittance, the glass has a concentration of less than 300 ppb Pt, less than 30 ppb Rh, less than 1.5 wt. % ZnO and less than 1 wt. % SnO2, and is refined during melting without the use of the conventional fining agents arsenic oxide and/or antimony oxide.

Abstract: A method of mounting electro-optical devices on an optical element using an auxiliary substrate is provided herein. Electro-optical fiber optic assemblies are also described herein.

Abstract: Zinc-containing optical glass materials with a refractive index nd between 1.52 and 1.66, an Abbe number ?d of between 35 and 54 and a composition (in % by weight based on oxide) of: SiO2 38–58, ZnO 0.3–42, PbO 0–<30, ZnO+PbO 20–55, Li2O 0–<3, Na2O 0–14, K2O 0–12, Li2O+Na2O+K2O ?2, F 0–3, MgO 0–6, CaO 0–<5, SrO 0–6, BaO 0–<0.9, B2O3 0–<1, Al2O3 0–<1.5 and ZrO2 0–<2 and, if appropriate, refining agents in the customary amounts.

Abstract: The stepped optical fiber has a core glass member and a surrounding cladding glass member. It has a high numerical aperture (NA)?0.50. The core glass member preferably has a zinc-containing composition including, in % by weight, SiO2, 42 to 53; ZnO, 16 to 38; PbO, 1 to 20; Na2O, <14; K2O, <12; with a sum of ZnO and PbO?30 and a sum of Na2O and K2O is ?2. The cladding glass composition, which is compatible with this core glass, includes, in percent by weight, SiO2, 60 to 72; B2O3, <20; Al2O3, <10; Na2O, <18; and K2O, <15. The resulting optical fiber has low attenuation, very neutral color transmission and low manufacturing costs. Other cladding glass compositions resulted in considerably poorer properties with too much crystallization at the core glass boundary layer. Environmentally-friendly, lead-free embodiments of the core glass were also prepared having even lower aperture values of ?0.48.

Abstract: The process for growing single crystals, wherein crystal material is melted in a crucible and a crystal nucleus is immersed in the molten crystal material and slowly pulled out, wherein the crystal formed during the pulling is kept at a temperature close to melting temperature of the output material. The invention also includes a device for practicing the above process.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing an improved organic light-emitting diode (1) with a structured luminous area and a substrate (2), which comprises the steps of: applying a first conductive electrode layer (5), applying a resistive layer (7) having at least one structure (17), applying at least one layer (11) which includes an organic, electroluminescent material, and applying a second conductive electrode layer (13), wherein the surface of the structure (17), in particular in its edge region (27), adopts an angle which remains less than 90° with respect to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: There are now provided thin-film solar cells and method of making. The devices comprise a low-cost, low thermal stability substrate with a semiconductor body deposited thereon by a deposition gas. The deposited body is treated with a conversion gas to provide a microcrystalline silicon body. The deposition gas and the conversion gas are subjected to a pulsed electromagnetic radiation to effectuate deposition and conversion.

Abstract: The invention describes a lead-free and arsenic-free special short flint glass with a refractive index 1.60?nd?1.65, an Abbe number of 41??d?52, a relative partial dispersion 0.551?PgF?0.570 in the blue spectral region, a relative partial dispersion 0.507?PCs?0.525 in the red spectral region, a negative deviation of the relative partial dispersion from the normal line ?Pg,F??0.0045 and an improved chemical resistance which has the following composition (in % by weight): SiO2 >50–65?? Al2O3 0–7 B2O3 0–6 Li2O 0–6 Na2O ?3–11 K2O 0–6 MgO ?0–12 CaO ?1–12 BaO 0–8 La2O3 ?0–15 Ta2O5 ?0–10 Nb2O5 ?4–20 ZrO2 >10–20?? ?(CaO + MgO + BaO) ?1–25 ?(Na2O + K2O + Li2O) ?3–20 SiO2/(ZrO2 + La2O3 + Nb2O5 + Ta2O5) 1.5–2.3.

Abstract: A method for producing permanent integral connections of oxide-dispersed metallic materials by welding. The materials or components to be connected are overlapped to form an overlapping region in a joining region of the overlapping region. The materials or components are heated below the melting temperatures of the materials and are welded to at least partially form a diffusion bond by a welding method. A noble metal foil may be between the components to be connected. The diffusion bond is heated subsequently to a temperature below the melting temperature of the materials or components and the bond is mechanically recompacted by hammering.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for changing glass compositions in continuously operated melting installations which has a significantly shortened melt changeover time and therefore lower costs and in which the glass quality is not adversely affected.

Abstract: A ceramic toner which is transferable to a high-temperature resistant glass, glass ceramic or ceramic substrate by electrophotographic printing and which can be fired in a subsequent temperature process, containing color pigment particles in addition to special glass flow particles. According to this invention, the ceramic toner has a thermoplastic synthetic matrix which melts in a homogeneous manner on the substrate within a temperature range of 100° C.–400° C. and which, within the temperature range of 300° C.–500° C., vaporizes in an almost residue-free manner and/or decomposes in order to obtain a toner which can be transferred especially in a direct printing mode and which has almost no synthetic matrix residue after firing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing aluminosilicate glass that is devoid of alkali and that has a B2O3 content of between 0 and <5 wt.-% and a BaO content in excess of 5.5 wt.-%. Said method is characterised by the addition of between 0.05 wt.-% and 1.0 wt.-% SnO2 during the preparation of the mixture.