Abstract: A pouring apparatus for castings uses separate systems for supplying billets and delivering the semi-molten material, making it possible to readily modify the discharge flows and pressure. A pouring apparatus for castings that comprises solid material supply means for supplying solid material to a melting basin; heating means for heating the melting basin to semi-melt solid material supplied to the melting basin; a conveyance chamber provided adjacent to the melting basin; and delivery means for discharging, from a discharge nozzle, semi-molten material conveyed from the melting basin to the conveyance chamber.

Abstract: A method for grain refinement of magnesium alloy castings includes adding graphite (C) powder and manganese dioxide (MnO2) to a melt of magnesium alloy containing aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) to finely divide crystal grains of a cast structure.

Abstract: A method of grain refining cast magnesium alloy includes adding to a magnesium alloy melt containing aluminum and manganese, pure carbon powder, or a carbon source in combination with niobium pentoxide or vanadium pentoxide.