Abstract: A centrifugation device comprising a combined sample chamber and slide holder adapted to be mounted, with a microscope slide (26), in a centrifuge in a predetermined position, after placing a fluid biological sample containing cells in the sample chamber. The device comprises an integrally moulded body (10) affording a base (14) which engages the microscope slide, and also affording a back plate (14) connected with the base plate by an integral hinge (22) a latch mechanism formed integrally with the remainder of the device is arranged, when the back plate (14) is closed against the rear of a microscope slide (26) engaged with the base (14), to locate the slide between the base and the back plate and to hold the back plate in this closed position until fracture of a retaining element from the integrally moulded body. Thus the device can be used once only.

Abstract: An automatic microtome is disclosed which comprises a base, a knife-holder mounted on the base for supporting a microtome knife, a specimen holder mounted for longitudinal movement relative to the base towards and away from the knife-holder and also mounted for transverse movement relative to the knife holder for displacing a specimen held by the specimen holder relative to a knife mounted in the knife holder for cutting sections from such specimen. The knife holder is mounted directly on the base without provision for adjustment of the position of the knife holder on the base such as to vary the location of the knife edge in relation to said edge, and the specimen holder is designed to provide enhanced stability over a wide range of longitudinal positions the specimen holder.

Abstract: A cytofunnel arrangement, for use in preparation of slides for microscopic examination, comprises in combination, a specimen funnel 14, a microscope slide 12 and a slide holder 10 which holds the slide against a port 36 in a base portion of the specimen funnel 14, the slide holder being integrally connected with the specimen funnel and being adapted for destructive separation from the specimen funnel along predetermined lines or regions to allow extraction of the slide 12 undamaged. The specimen funnel and the slide holder may be of compatible plastics and may be connected by adhesive or may be welded together. A tear strip or separation filament 50 located between the specimen funnel and slide holder may be provided to assist separation of the two components. The tear strip 50 may be formed by an electrical resistance wire utilized initially to bond the specimen funnel and slide holder together by electrofusion welding.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing tissue samples for histological examination comprises a cassette defining a chamber to receive a tissue specimen and having an opening to allow processing fluids to enter and leave the chamber and to allow, eventually, molten wax to enter the chamber for embedding the tissue sample. The apparatus incorporates a temperature-sensitive valve mechanism for closing said opening once the cassette, with the tissue specimen therein, has been immersed in a container of hot molten wax, so that the wax can be retained in the cassette, around the specimen, when the cassette is withdrawn from the molten wax container, until the wax around the specimen has solidified. The temperature sensitive valve mechanism may comprise a shape-memory element.

Abstract: A test/control procedure and material is provided to facilitate standardization of immunostaining techniques and the assessment of their results. Pellets of an absorbent gel such as agar gel are caused to adsorb individual specific concentrations of an antigen of interest. The adsorbed antigens are confined to the individual pellets as by fixation or by enclosure in a diffusion-inhibiting barrier, and the pellets are installed in individual wells in a block of the gel in a manner to become integrated therein. The block may then be subjected to the same preparative routines as a tissue sample, sectioned and mounted like the sample, and then subjected to immunostaining by the same routine as the sample sections to provide a valid basis for assessment of the stained sample sections by comparison with the stained gel block sections. A gel block of suitable configuration is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing a cell block for cytological examination of cellular material such as fine needle aspirate material comprises depositing gel medium, preferably an algin medium, and sample material in an enclosure defined by a support web, and then causing the gel medium to set to form a button that can be subjected to processing routines to produce a processed button embeddable in embedding medium. The gel medium and the sample material are preferably codeposited in the enclosure by centrifugation, the support web being prewetted with a setting agent for the gel medium.A carrier that serves to support the support web during deposition and that is foldable to form a processing cassette for the deposited and set button is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tissue or like processing method involving application of liquids to carrier-mounted material, e.g. a thin tissue section mounted on a microscope slide (10), is characterized by disposing a channel-defining element (1) adjacent to the carrier (10) to form an assembly providing an enclosure (11) for the material on the carrier. The enclosure (11) has an inlet (13) and an outlet (14) and has capillary dimensions. The assembly is disposed with the inlet (13) above the outlet (14) and liquid introduced into the inlet fills the enclosure and is retained in contact with the material on the carrier by surface tension effect. Further liquid introduced to the inlet (13) displaces the first liquid progressively to the outlet (14). A sequence of liquids can thus be brought successively into contact with the material with minimum wastage, by feeding the liquids successively to the inlet (13) of an assembly.

Abstract: A sample handling unit for centrifugation apparatus, especially for cytocentrifugation to produce cell monolayers is disclosed. The sample handling unit is adapted for automated protective processing, e.g. fixation, of matter deposited on a slide during the centrifugation operation. For this purpose the unit has a body defining a deposition chamber, and a treatment fluid reservoir communicating with the deposition chamber via a buffer chamber and a flow path including a weir so arranged that in the position for centrifugation, treatment fluid such as fixative placed in the reservoir is retained therein until centrifugation produces an artificial gravitational field that causes the fluid to flow to the buffer chamber in which it is then retained by the weir for so long as the artificial gravitational field is maintained. Upon decay of that field the fluid flows over the weir towards the deposition chamber.

Abstract: Tissue specimen treatment apparatus of the multi-chamber type having a plurality of containers, for instance arranged in a circle, and means for transporting a specimen for treatment to selected such chambers in a prescribed sequence, is characterized by a containment vessel disposed about at least the open tops of the containers and by cover means movable with the transporting means and evelosing the interior of the containment vessel so as to separate the specimen from the ambient atmosphere. The cover means preferably closely overlies the open tops of the containers to minimize the volume of the containment vessel, and is formed with a small volume transfer enclosure to receive a specimen during transport. The cover may have a close fit to the containment vessel, sufficient to restrict exchange of gases etc. between the external atmosphere and the containment vessel, or more positive sealing arrangements may be provided--e.g.