Abstract: A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass feedstock is provided.

Abstract: It is advantageous to handle certain conditions when equipment (or equipment components) is taken out-of-service or shutdown for service or maintenance. Equipment service flags may be used to indicate that an individual variable will no longer be propagated as the associated equipment has been taken out of line for service. When multiple variables feed another system or component downstream, those variables may be placed in an equipment service set and that set may be associated with an indicator that indicates that the group of variables in the equipment service set is unavailable. A visual indicator as to which variables have been made unavailable for propagation may be displayed to a user. Once the equipment or system is brought back online or is taken out of equipment service mode, the appropriate flags and equipment service set are reset and associated variables are once again propagated downstream.

Abstract: A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass-containing feedstock and/or a biomass-derived feedstock is provided. The process comprises: a) contacting the feedstock with a hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel to produce a product stream comprising a partially deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, H2O, H2, CO2, CO, C1-C3 gases, char and catalyst fines; b) removing char and catalyst fines from said product stream; c) cooling the remaining product stream to a temperature in the range of from 150 to 400° C.; and d) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydrocarbon product in a hydroconversion reactor in the presence of one or more catalyst compositions suitable for hydrodeoxygenation and aromatic saturation of the partially deoxygenated hydrocarbon product in the presence of H2O, CO2, CO, H2, and C1-C3 gas generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising a C4+ hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Processes and associated reaction systems for the preparation of ethylene carbonate and ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide are provided, particularly processes and associated reaction systems directed to heat integration in the treatment of recycle gas streams.

Abstract: A process for the production of benzene and ethylene from an alkane-containing gas stream. The alkane-containing gas stream may be contacted, in a reaction zone of a reactor under alkane aromatization conditions, with an aromatization catalyst including any combination of fresh, spent, and regenerated catalyst to produce an outlet stream including (i) spent catalyst and (ii) a product mixture including benzene and ethylene. The spent catalyst may be regenerated in a regeneration zone under regeneration conditions to produce the regenerated catalyst. A selected amount of fresh catalyst may be added to the regeneration zone to produce the mixture of fresh catalyst and regenerated catalyst, which may be recycled to the reaction zone. A ratio of benzene to ethylene in the product mixture may be controlled by modifying the alkane aromatization conditions, the regeneration conditions, and/or the selected amount of fresh catalyst added to the regeneration zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for conversion of a stream comprising methane and ethane, comprising converting ethane from a stream comprising methane and ethane, in which stream the volume ratio of methane to ethane is of from 0.005:1 to 100:1, to a product having a vapor pressure at 0° C. lower than 1 atmosphere, resulting in a stream comprising methane and the product having a vapor pressure at 0° C. lower than 1 atmosphere; separating the product having a vapor pressure at 0° C. lower than 1 atmosphere from the stream comprising methane and the product having a vapor pressure at 0° C. lower than 1 atmosphere, resulting in a stream comprising methane; and chemically converting methane from the stream comprising methane, or feeding methane from the stream comprising methane to a network that provides methane as energy source, or liquefying methane from the stream comprising methane.

Abstract: Presented is a process for the regeneration of a deactivated nitrogen oxide decomposition catalyst used for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in a flue gas stream.

Abstract: Presented is a process for the off-line regeneration of a deactivated nitrogen oxide decomposition catalyst of a selective catalytic reduction system that is a component of a flue gas treating system. The selective catalytic reduction system is isolated to allow for removal and replacement of deactivated SCR catalyst. The removed SCR catalyst may be regenerated off-line from the flue gas treating system. The off-line regenerated SCR catalyst can be used as a replacement SCR catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of styrene or substituted styrenes comprising the steps of: (a) subjecting a feed containing 1-phenyl ethanol or substituted 1-phenyl ethanol to a dehydration treatment in the presence of a suitable dehydration catalyst; (b) subjecting the resulting product mixture to a separation treatment, thus obtaining a stream containing water and styrene or substituted styrene and a residual fraction containing heavy ends; (c) treating the stream containing water and styrene or substituted styrene with a base; (d) separating the treated stream of step (c) into a styrene or substituted styrene-rich product stream and a styrene or substituted styrene-lean waste water stream; (e) treating the styrene or substituted styrene-lean waste water stream with steam in a stripping column, thus obtaining a treated waste water stream and a treated stream comprising steam and styrene or substituted styrene.

Abstract: Processes and associated reaction systems for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane are provided. In particular, a process is provided that comprises supplying a feed gas comprising ethane and oxygen to a multitubular fixed-bed reactor and allowing the ethane and oxygen to react in the presence of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst to yield a reactor effluent comprising ethylene; and supplying a coolant to an interior shell space of the multitubular fixed-bed reactor in a flow pattern that is co-current with the flow of the feed gas through reactor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process and a system for removing sulfur dioxide from a feed gas stream. In the process the feed gas pre-scrubbed. Then SO2 is absorbed from the gas with an absorbing medium. The spent absorbing medium is regenerated. These process steps are interchanged with a caustic treatment in the pre-scrubbing zone in case of a very high SO2 content in the feed gas stream. The system comprises a pre-scrubbing unit, an absorption unit, and a regeneration unit. The system is characterized in that the pre-scrubber unit comprises an inlet for an aqueous solution comprising a strong base. These are a simple, cost-efficient and reliable process and facility for processing gas with a varying SO2 content.

Abstract: A test plug is proposed for inspecting the integrity of a cement plug or other barrier in an abandoned oil and/or gas production wellbore as well as its own sealing performance. The test plug employs a pair of expandable seals for sealing off an annular space between the seals, the plug and surrounding inner surface of the wellbore. Furthermore, it employs a pump for pumping fluid through a fluid channel traversing the plug into or from an intermediate wellbore section between the plug and the barrier. Valves are provided for closing the fluid channel after the pressure in the intermediate wellbore section has reached a selected level. Pressure gauges monitor a pressure in the intermediate wellbore section and in the annular space during a selected period of time. The monitored pressure is stored in a memory device and/or transmitted to a barrier and seal integrity monitoring display at the earth surface.

Abstract: Gasoline fuel composition suitable for use in an internal combustion engine comprising: (a) Fischer-Tropsch derived naphtha at a level from 2 to 20% v/v; (b) at least one aromatic octane booster present at a level of 0.75 to 8% v/v or less; and (c) a gasoline base fuel; wherein the gasoline fuel composition comprises 40% v/v or less of aromatics. In a preferred embodiment, the Research Octane Number (RON) of the gasoline fuel composition is increased while maintaining the aromatic content of the gasoline fuel composition at a level of 40% v/v or less, based on the gasoline fuel composition.

Abstract: A retrievable self-energizing top anchor tool with a central energizing mandrel disposed around a central tool bore and a set of anchor segments distributed around a circumference of the central energizing mandrel, each having one or more wedge surfaces facing toward the central tool bore and corresponding to and engaging inclined surfaces of the central energizing mandrel. The tool is releasable by relative upward movement of a release sub against a release sub stop arranged within the central tool bore. A release mechanism houses one or more pre-loaded release spring members locked with a release locking mechanism. When unlocked the release spring members exert a retracting bias force on the central energizing mandrel in downward direction along the longitudinal axis relative to the set of anchor segments. This downward movement of the central energizing mandrel causes a radially inward movement of the set of anchor segments.

Abstract: A method for sealing cavities in or adjacent to a cured cement sheath (4) surrounding a well casing (3) of an underground wellbore comprises: —providing an expansion device (1) with edged expansion segments (2) that is configured to be moved with the expansion segments (2) in an unexpanded configuration up and down through the well casing (3); —moving the unexpanded expansion device (1) to a selected depth in the well casing (3); and —expanding the edged expansion segments (2) at the selected depth, thereby plastically expanding a selected casing section and pressing the expanded casing section into the surrounding cement sheath thereby sealing the cavities.

Abstract: A weighted acid composition comprising an acid, a brine, and an amino acid and associated methods.

Abstract: A distributed fiber optic cable including an elongate body and optical fibers longitudinally housed in the elongate body. The optical fibers lie in in sinusoidal paths along longitudinal surfaces of a prism. The distributed fiber optic cable can be used for sensing an acoustic wave by measuring backscattered light from a laser pulse input into the optical fibers in the fiber optic cable.

Abstract: A process of preparing a catalyst composition which process comprises the steps of (a) treating ZSM-5 zeolite with an alkaline solution having a pH of at least (8) followed by ion exchange to obtain a treated zeolite, (b) extruding a mixture of the treated zeolite and binder and contacting the zeolite with a fluorocompound containing solution, (c) increasing the temperature of the extrudates obtained in step (b) to at least 200° C., and (d) combining the extrudates obtained in step (c) with one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Group (10) and (11) of the IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements and a process for the conversion of an aromatic hydrocarbons containing feedstock using a catalyst composition prepared by such process.

Abstract: A process to prepare paraffins and waxes is provided, the process comprising: subjecting a Fischer-Tropsch product stream comprising paraffins having from 10 to 300 carbon atoms to a hydrogenation step, thereby obtaining a hydrogenated Fischer-Tropsch product stream comprising 10 to 300 carbon atoms; separating the hydrogenated Fischer-Tropsch product stream, thereby obtaining at least a fraction comprising 10 to 17 carbon atoms and a fraction comprising 18 to 300 carbon atoms; separating the fraction comprising 18 to 300 carbon atoms, thereby obtaining one or more first light waxes having a congealing point in the range of 30 to 75° C. and a second heavy wax having a congealing point in the range of 75 to 120° C.; and hydrofinishing one or more wax fractions having a congealing point in the range of 30 to 75° C. thereby obtaining one or more hydrofinished wax fractions having a congealing point in the range of 30 to 75° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from solid biomass and/or residual waste feedstocks, said process comprising the steps of: a) a first stage of hydropyrolysing the solid feedstock in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel in the presence of molecular hydrogen and one or more deoxygenation catalysts, producing a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, H2O, H2, CO2, CO, C1-C3 gases, char and catalyst fines; b) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream; c) a second stage of hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalysts and of the H2O, CO2, CO, H2, and C1-C3 gas generated in step a), producing a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, H2O, CO, CO2, and C1-C3 gases; d) condensing the vapour phase product of step d) to provide a liquid phase product comprising su