Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling in a continuous fashion the surface area of carbon black being produced in the carbon black formation zone of a carbon black reactor. Specifically, this invention is a method and apparatus for maintaining uniform surface area of a particular grade of carbon black while it is being produced continuously by an oil furnace process. The process parameters, such as rate flow of an oxidation material, of a combustion material, and of a hydrocarbon feedstock material as well as the quality (composition) and temperature of each of these materials may be altered based upon the temperature of the flowing mass as measured in the reaction zone of a carbon black reactor. The temperature measured within the reaction zone then can be used as an indicator of the particle size of the carbon black since an adjustment to rate of flow, quantity, and temperature of each material affects the end product.

Abstract: An improved carbon black process is disclosed which finds its preferred use in reactors for forming carbon black by the thermal decomposition of liquid hydrocarbons. The carbon black process utilizes a burner which combusts a pre-mixed blend of fluid fuel and oxidant gas and is characterized by a flame holder having a plurality of elongated parallel orifices which produces improved combustion by inducing optimum recirculation between spaced parallel fluid jets of premixed fuel and oxidant gas issuing through the orifices. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor capable of producing carbon black of varying properties is disclosed comprising a longitudinally extending reactor tunnel having combustion, reaction, and quench zones in contiguous axial alignment. First and second venturi flow constrictions are provided in spaced relationship in the reaction zone of the reactor tunnel to create a pressure profile in the reaction zone. The pressure profile produces carbon blacks having certain physical properties. The second venturi constriction may be provided with means for varying the effective area of the second constriction for altering the pressure profile in the reactor tunnel to vary the properties of the produced carbon black. Further, carbon blacks of varying properties are produced for a given pressure profile by varying the point and direction of feedstock oil injection into the reaction zone.

Abstract: An improved carbon black process burner is disclosed which finds its preferred use in reactors for forming carbon black by the thermal decomposition of liquid hydrocarbons. The burner combusts a pre-mixed blend of fluid fuel and oxidant gas and is characterized by a flame holder having a plurality of elongated parallel orifices which produces improved combustion by inducing optimum recirculation between spaced parallel fluid jets of premixed fuel and oxidant gas issuing through the orifices. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor capable of producing carbon black of varying properties is disclosed comprising a longitudinally extending reactor tunnel having combustion, reaction, and quench zones in contiguous axial alignment. First and second venturi flow constrictions are provided in spaced relationship in the reaction zone of the reactor tunnel to create a pressure profile in the reaction zone. The pressure profile produces carbon blacks having certain physical properties. The second venturi constriction may be provided with means for varying the effective area of the second constriction for altering the pressure profile in the reactor tunnel to vary the properties of the produced carbon black. Further, carbon blacks of varying properties are produced for a given pressure profile by varying the point and direction of feedstock oil injection into the reaction zone.

Abstract: An improved burner for combusting gaseous fuel and oxidant gas is provided in which the fuel and oxidant gas are premixed prior to combustion by the turbulence generated by flowing the gases through a mixing zone containing a centrally disposed flow disrupting bluff body positioned in the oxidant gas stream upstream from the point of fuel injection, and a peripheral flow disrupting bluff body disposed at the periphery of the mixing zone. The burner finds particular utility in combination with other elements of a furnace-type carbon black reactor. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.

Abstract: An improved burner for combusting gaseous fuel and oxidant gas is provided in which the fuel and oxidant gas are premixed prior to combustion by the turbulence generated by flowing the gases through a mixing zone containing a centrally disposed flow disrupting bluff body positioned in the oxidant gas stream upstream from the point of fuel injection, and a peripheral flow disrupting bluff body disposed at the periphery of the mixing zone. The burner finds particular utility in combination with other elements of a furnace-type carbon black reactor. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.

Abstract: An improved burner for combusting gaseous fuel and oxidant gas is provided in which the fuel and oxidant gas are premixed prior to combustion by the turbulence generated by flowing the gases through a mixing zone containing a centrally disposed flow disrupting bluff body positioned in the oxidant gas stream upstream from the point of fuel injection, and a peripheral flow disrupting bluff body disposed at the periphery of the mixing zone. The burner finds particular utility in combination with other elements of a furnace-type carbon black reactor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for automatically controlling the surface temperature of a body by removing heat from the body with a first heat exchange liquid circulating between a heat exchanger in contact with the body and a second heat exchanger in which heat is transferred from the first heat exchange liquid to a second, more volatile, heat exchange liquid in boiling equilibrium with its vapor. The temperature of the second heat exchange liquid, and consequently the amount of heat removed from the body being cooled, is controlled by regulating the pressure in the second heat exchanger in inverse proportion to the temperature of the body being cooled. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are disclosed for manufacturing carbon blck. The apparatus includes in contiguous axial alignment, a turbofan engine, an afterburner downstream of the turbine and a furnace-type carbon black reactor having means for radial introduction of feedstock. In a preferred embodiment, the turbine provides a first stream of high temperature, high pressure oxygen-containing gas to the afterburner for further combustion and subsequent use as supply air for a first carbon black reactor, and also provides a second stream of lower temperature and pressure air for cooling the first reactor shell and for use as supply air to a second carbon black reactor. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for automatically controlling the surface temperature of a body by removing heat from the body with a first heat exchange liquid circulating between a heat exchanger in contact with the body and a second heat exchanger in which heat is transferred from the first heat exchange liquid to a second, more volatile, heat exchange liquid in boiling equilibrium with its vapor. The temperature of the second heat exchange liquid, and consequently the amount of heat removed from the body being cooled, is controlled by regulating the pressure in the second heat exchanger in inverse proportion to the temperature of the body being cooled. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.